| brain stem | The part of the brain composed of the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum [Brenda]. | — |
| left ventricle | The ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart. The left ventricle is the chamber that receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it out under high pressure to the body via the aorta [Brenda]. | — |
| cerebellum | A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe [Brenda]. | — |
| parotid gland | Either of a pair of large serous salivary glands situated below and in front of the ear [Brenda]. | — |
| submandibular gland | One of the three chief, paired salivary glands, predominantly serous, lying partly above and partly below the posterior half of the base of the mandible [Brenda]. | — |
| sublingual gland | Gland situated or administered under the tongue; the smallest of the three salivary glands, occurring in pairs, predominantly mucous in type, and draining into the oral cavity through 10 to 30 sublingual ducts [Brenda]. | — |
| ventricular system | The ventricular system is a set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_system]. | — |
| duodenum | The first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum [Brenda]. | — |
| jejunum | The section of the small intestine that comprises the first two fifths beyond the duodenum and that is larger, thicker-walled, and more vascular and has more circular folds than the ileum [Brenda]. | — |
| ileum | The last division of the small intestine extending between the jejunum and large intestine [Brenda]. | — |
| cerebrospinal fluid | The serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the cavity of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space, functioning in shock absorption.nA liquid that is comparable to serum but contains less dissolved material, that is secreted from the blood into the lateral ventricles of the brain by the choroid plexus, circulates through the ventricles to the spaces between the meninges about the brain and spinal cord, and is resorbed into the blood through the subarachnoid sinuses, and that serves chiefly to maintain uniform pressure within the brain and spinal cord [Brenda]. | — |
| meninges | The meninges (singular meninx from the Greek μá¿Î½Î¹Î³Î¾, "membrane") is the system of membranes which envelopes the central nervous system. In mammals, the meninges consist of three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. The primary function of the meninges and of the cerebrospinal fluid is to protect the central nervous system [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meninges]. | — |
| colorectal | Colorectal includes the colon and the rectum [MedTerms: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2794]. | — |
| white matter | White matter is one of the two components of the central nervous system and consists mostly of glial cells and myelinated axons that transmit signals from one region of the cerebrum to another and between the cerebrum and lower brain centers. White matter tissue of the freshly cut brain appears pinkish white to the naked eye because myelin is composed largely of lipid tissue veined with capillaries. Its white color is due to its usual preservation in formaldehyde. A 20 year-old male has around 176,000 km of myelinated axons in his brain [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_matter]. | — |
| anus | The posterior opening of the alimentary canal [Brenda]. | — |
| grey matter | Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astroglia and oligodendrocytes) and capillaries. Grey matter contains neural cell bodies, in contrast to white matter, which does not and mostly contains myelinated axon tracts. The color difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a grey-brown color, which comes from capillary blood vessels and neuronal cell bodies [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_matter]. | — |
| cecum | The first part of the large intestine, forming a dilated pouch into which open the ileum, colon, and appendix vermiformis [Brenda]. | — |
| dendrite | Dendrites (from Greek δÎνδÏον déndron, âtreeâ) are the branched projections of a neuron that act to conduct the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. Electrical stimulation is transmitted onto dendrites by upstream neurons via synapses which are located at various points throughout the dendritic arbor. Dendrites play a critical role in integrating these synaptic inputs and in determining the extent to which action potentials are produced by the neuron. Recent research has also found that dendrites can support action potentials and release neurotransmitters, a property that was originally believed to be specific to axons [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrite]. | — |
| synapse | In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell (neural or otherwise). The word "synapse" comes from "synaptein", which Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues coined from the Greek "syn-" ("together") and "haptein" ("to clasp") [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapse]. | — |
| neuron | A grayish or reddish granular cell with specialized processes that is the fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue [Brenda]. | — |
| glia | The delicate network of branched cells and fibers that supports the tissue of the central nervous system [Brenda]. | — |
| axon | An axon (also known as a nerve fiber) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon]. | — |
| prefrontal cortex | The prefrontal cortex is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas [Brenda]. | — |
| nucleus proprius | The Nucleus proprius is a layer of the spinal cord adjacent to the substantia gelatinosa. Nucleus proprius constitutes the bulk of the dorsal horn and receives inputs from the dorsal root ganglions that carry sensory information, such as light touch, as well as pain and temperature information. Cells in this nucleus project to deeper laminae of the spinal cord, to the posterior column nuclei, and to other supraspinal relay centers including the midbrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Rexed laminae III, IV, and V make up the nucleus proprius [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_proprius_of_spinal_cord]. | — |
| lateral column | In the thoracic region, the postero-lateral part of the anterior column projects lateralward as a triangular field, which is named the lateral column (lateral cornu, lateral horn) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_horn_of_spinal_cord]. | — |
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