| renal proximal convoluted tubule | The proximal tubule is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximal_convoluted_tubule]. | proximal convoluted tubule |
| primary olfactory cortex | The Primary olfactory cortex is a portion of the cortex involved in olfaction [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_olfactory_cortex]. | — |
| preoptic nucleus | The preoptic area is a region of the hypothalamus. According to the MeSH classification, it is considered part of the anterior hypothalamus. There are four nuclei in this region, according to Terminologia Anatomica (Medial, Median, Lateral, and Paraventricular) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoptic_area]. | — |
| posterior nucleus | The posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus is one of the many nuclei that make up the hypothalamic region of the brain. Its function is thermoregulation (heating) of the body. Damage or destruction of this nucleus causes hypothermia. Descending efferents from the nucleus synapse on the sympathetic neurons of the spinal cord, which exist in the thoracic and lumbar regions in the lateral horns [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_nucleus_of_hypothalamus]. | posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus |
| pineal body | The pineal gland (also called the pineal body, epiphysis cerebri, epiphysis, conarium or the "third eye") is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. It produces the serotonin derivative melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions. Its shape resembles a tiny pine cone (hence its name), and it is located near the centre of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two rounded thalamic bodies join [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_gland]. | — |
| utricle | The part of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear into which the semicircular canals open [Brenda]. | utriculus |
| parafascicular thalamic nucleus | The parafascicular thalamic nucleus is part of the centromedian complex, located in the caudal region of the intralaminar thalamus. This thalamic region has been traditionally proposed to support pain processing or arousal [Brown et al., 2010: http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/43/14390.full]. | — |
| amygdala | The one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that is part of the limbic system and consists of an almond-shaped mass of gray matter in the anterior extremity of the temporal lobe [Brenda]. | — |
| claustrum | The one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula [Brenda]. | — |
| paraventricular nucleus | The nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami and nuclues paraventricularis posterior thalami, two of the nuclei mediani thalami; they are situated on the dorsomedial wall of the thalamus, juxtaposed to the third ventricle [Brenda]. | — |
| trochlear nucleus | The nucleus of the trochlear nerve is located in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus. It is a motor nucleus, so is located near the midline [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlear_nucleus]. | — |
| limiting thalamic nucleus | The nucleus limitans is the most ventromedial part of the thalamus. It is limited medially by the anterior pretectal nuclues [Morys et al., 1989: http://www.ane.pl/pdf/4919.pdf]. | nucleus limitans |
| nucleus ambiguus | The nucleus ambiguus (literally "ambiguous nucleus") is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal (posterior) to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper (rostral) medulla. It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus]. | — |
| mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus | The mesencephalic nucleus is involved with proprioception of the face, that is, the feeling of position of the muscles. Unlike many nuclei within the CNS, the mesencephalic nucleus contains no chemical synapses but are electrically coupled. Instead, neurons of this nucleus are pseudounipolar cells receiving proprioceptive information from the mandible, and sending projections to the motor trigeminal nucleus to mediate monosynaptic jaw jerk reflexes. It is also the only structure in the CNS to contain the cell bodies of a primary afferent, which are usually contained within ganglia (like the trigeminal ganglion) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve]. | — |
| medial thalamic nuclei | The medial thalamic nucleus is a large nuclear mass within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus [Walker, 1940: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cne.900730107/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+3+Mar+from+10-13+GMT+for+monthly+maintenance]. Central medial thalamic nucleus are cell groups within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus. They include a rostral division comprising the paracentral, central lateral, central dorsal, and central medial nuclei, and a caudal division composed of the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei [MeSH]. | central medial thalamic nucleus; nucleus centralis medialis thalami; central medial thalamic nucleus; central medial nucleus thalamus; central medial nucleus of thalamus; nucleus centralis medialis |
| medial olfactory stria | The medial olfactory stria turns medialward behind the parolfactory area and ends in the subcallosal gyrus; in some cases a small intermediate stria is seen running backward to the anterior perforated substance [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_olfactory_stria]. | — |
| medial geniculate nucleus | The medial geniculate nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus that acts as a relay for auditory information. It receives its input from the inferior colliculus and sends information out to the auditory cortex. Nucleus within the medial geniculate body [Brenda]. | — |
| anterior medial thalamic nucleus | The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. It is believed to play a role in memory [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_dorsal_nucleus]. | medial dorsal nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus |
| medial dorsal thalamic nucleus | The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_dorsal_nucleus]. | — |
| lentiform nucleus | The lentiform nucleus or lenticular nucleus comprises the putamen and the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia. It is a large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentiform_nucleus]. | — |
| lateral posterior thalamic nucleus | The lateral posterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. It acts in concert with the pulvinar [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_posterior_nucleus_of_thalamus]. | — |
| lateral olfactory stria | The lateral olfactory stria is directed across the lateral part of the anterior perforated substance and then bends abruptly medialward toward the uncus of the hippocampal gyrus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_olfactory_stria]. | — |
| lateral thalamic nuclei | The lateral nuclear complex, lying lateral to the internal medullary lamina, is the largest division of the thalamus. It is divided into dorsal and ventral tiers of nuclei. The lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus and the pulvinar all lie dorsally. The lateral and medial geniculate nuclei lie inferior to the pulvinar near the posterior pole of the thalamus. The ventral tier nuclei are the ventral anterior, ventral lateral and ventral posterior nuclei [Gray's Anatomy: http://www.expertconsultbook.com/expertconsult/ob/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=none&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06684-9..50029-9--cesec4&isbn=978-0-443-06684-9]. | Lateral nuclear group |
| lateral mamillary nucleus | The lateral mamillary nucleus is a group of nuclei which besides the medial mamillary nucleus make up the mammaliary body (pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain), that, as part of the diencephalon form part of the limbic system located at the ends of the anterioir arces of the fornix [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammillary_body]. | lateral mammillary nuclei; lateral mamillary nuclei; lateral mammillary nuclei; Lateral mammillary hypothalamic nucleus |
| nucleus of the lateral lemniscus | The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_lemniscus]. | lateral lemniscus |
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