| auricle | Auricle is an Anglicization of Latin auricula, from auris "ear" and -cula, a diminutive suffix [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auricle]. In animal anatomy, the pinna (Latin for feather) is the visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head (this may also be referred to as the auricle or auricula) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinna_(anatomy)]. | pinna; auricle; auricula |
| macula lutea | An irregular yellowish depression on the retina, about 3 degrees wide, lateral to and slightly below the optic disk; it is the site of absorption of short wavelengths of light, and it is thought that its variation in size, shape, and coloring may be related to variant types of color vision [Brenda]. | macula; macula of retina |
| blastocyst inner cell mass | In early embryogenesis of most eutherian mammals, the inner cell mass (abbreviated ICM and also known as the embryoblast or pluriblast, the latter term being applicable to all mammals) is the mass of cells inside the primordial embryo that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus. This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred. The ICM lies within the blastocoele (more correctly termed "blastocyst cavity," as it is not strictly homologous to the blastocoele of anamniote vertebrates) and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_cell_mass]. | inner cell mass |
| cerebellum nuclei | Four accumulations of gray substance embedded in the white substance of the cerebellum, comprising the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis, nucleus globosus, and nucleus fastigii. (Dorland, 28th ed) [MeSH] | dentate nucleus; nucleus dentatus; nucleus emboliformis; nucleus fastigii; Nucleus Globosus |
| cerebellum cortex | The thin gray surface layer of the cerebellum, consisting of an outer molecular layer or stratum moleculare, a single layer of purkinje cells (the ganglionic layer), and an inner granular layer or stratum granulosum [Biology-Online: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cerebellar_cortex]. | cortex cerebelli; cerebellar cortex |
| osseous labyrinth | The bony labyrinth or osseous labyrinth consists of three parts: the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea. These are cavities hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum; they contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which the membranous labyrinth is situated [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bony_labyrinth]. | bony labyrinth |
| subthalamus | The subthalamus is a part of the diencephalon. Its major part is the subthalamic nucleus. Functionally, it also encompasses the globus pallidus, which is topographically part of the telencephalon [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subthalamus]. | — |
| hypothalamus | The ventral part of the diencephalon that forms the floor and part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle. Anatomically, it includes the preoptic area, optic tract, optic chiasm, mammillary bodies, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, and neurohypophysis, but for physiological purposes the neurohypophysis is considered a distinct structure. The hypothalamus may be divided into five regions or areas (area hypothalamica rostralis, area hypothalamica dorsalis, area hypothalamica intermedia, area hypothalamica lateralis and area hypothalamica posterior) or into three longitudinal zones (periventricular zone, medial zone, and lateral zone). The hypothalamic nuclei constitute that part of the corticodiencephalic mechanism that activates, controls and integrates the peripheral autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activity, and many somatic functions, e.g., a general regulation of water balance, body temperature, sleep, and food intake, and the development of secondary sex characteristics. The hypothalamus secretes vasopressin and oxytocin, which are stored in the pituitary, as well as many releasing factors (hypophysiotropic hormones), by means of which it exerts control over functions of the adenohypophysis [Brenda]. | — |
| midbrain | The middle of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain [Brenda]. | — |
| pons | A broad mass of chiefly transverse nerve fibers conspicuous on the ventral surface of the brain of man and lower mammals at the anterior end of the medulla oblongata [Brenda]. | — |
| medulla oblongata | The part of the vertebrate brain that is continuous posteriorly with the spinal cord and that contains the centers controlling involuntary vital functions [Brenda]. | — |
| corpus callosum | The great band of commissural fibers uniting the cerebral hemispheres of higher mammals including humans [Brenda]. | — |
| lateral ventricle | An internal cavity in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a central body and three cornua including an anterior one curving forward and outward, a posterior one curving backward, and an inferior one curving downward [Brenda]. | — |
| third ventricle | The third ventricle (ventriculus tertius) is one of four connected fluid-filled cavities comprising the ventricular system within the human brain. It is a median cleft between the two thalami, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_ventricle]. | — |
| cerebral aqueduct | The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain) and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle within the region of the mesencephalon and metencephalon, located dorsal to the pons and ventral to the cerebellum [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_aqueduct]. | — |
| fourth ventricle | The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain. The fourth ventricle extends from the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) to the obex, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The fourth ventricle has a characteristic diamond shape in cross-sections of the human brain. It is located within the pons or in the upper part of the medulla [Brenda]. | — |
| dura mater | The tough fibrous membrane covering the brain and the spinal cord and lining the inner surface of the skull. It is the outermost of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord [Brenda]. | — |
| colon | The part of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the rectum [Brenda]. | — |
| arachnoid | The arachnoid mater, is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is named after the Greek words "Arachne" and suffix "-oid" -"in the image of", and "mater" the Latin word for mother, because of the fine spider web-like appearance of the delicate fibres of the arachnoid which extend down through the subarachnoid space and attach to the pia mater. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, from which it is separated by the subarachnoid space. The delicate arachnoid layer is attached to the inside of the dura and surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It does not line the brain down into its sulci (folds), as does the pia mater, with the exception of the longitudinal fissure, which divides the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Cerebrospinal fluid flows under this membrane in the subarachnoid space. The pia mater covering the brain is referred to as the "arachnoidea encephal", and the portion covering the spinal cord as the "arachnoidea spinalis". The arachnoid and pia mater are sometimes considered as a single structure, the leptomeninx, or the plural version, leptomeninges. ("Lepto"- from the Greek root meaning "thin"). Similarly, the dura in this situation is called the pachymeninx [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnoid_mater]. | — |
| pia mater | The fine vascular membrane that closely envelops the brain and spinal cord under the arachnoid and the dura mater [Brenda]. | — |
| rectum | The terminal part of the intestine from the sigmoid flexure to the anus [Brenda]. | — |
| renal corpuscle | A mass of arterial capillaries enveloped in a capsule and attached to a tubule in the kidney [Brenda]. | — |
| renal tubule | One of the minute, reabsorptive, secretory, and collecting canals, made up of basement membrane lined with epithelium, that form the substance of the kidneys [Brenda]. | — |
| seminiferous tubule | One of two or three twisted, curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatozoa develop [Brenda]. | — |
| seminal vesicle | Either of a pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct [Brenda]. | — |
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