| vestibule | The vestibule is the central part of the osseous labyrinth, and is situated medial to the tympanic cavity, behind the cochlea, and in front of the semicircular canals. The etymology comes from the Latin vestibulum, literally an entrance hall [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibule_of_the_ear]. | vestibule of the ear |
| appendix | The appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal (or caecal) appendix; also vermix) is a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum (or caecum), from which it develops embryologically. The cecum is a pouchlike structure of the colon. The appendix is located near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine. The term "vermiform" comes from Latin and means "worm-shaped". It is widely present in the Euarchontoglires and has also evolved independently in the diprotodont marsupials and is highly diverse in size and shape [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermiform_appendix]. | vermiform appendix; cecal appendix; caecal appendix; vermix |
| anterior ventral thalamic nucleus | The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. The ventral anterior nucleus receives neuronal inputs from the basal ganglia which includes the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus. It also has inputs from the cerebellum. It sends out neuronal input to the supplementary motor cortex and to primary motor cortex. It helps to function in planning movement. It initiates wanted movement and inhibits unwanted movement [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_anterior_nucleus]. | ventral anterior nucleus |
| utricle | The part of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear into which the semicircular canals open [Brenda]. | utriculus |
| trapezoid nucleus | The trapezoid body is part of the auditory pathway. It is a bundle of fibers and cells in the pontine tegmentum. It consists of fibers arising from the ventral cochlear nucleus. A collection of nerve cells inside forms a trapezoid nucleus. The superior olivary nucleus is situated on the dorsal surface of the trapezoid body. Most nerve fibers pass directly from the superior olivary nuclei to the inferior colliculus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezoid_body]. | trapezoid body |
| reticular thalamic nucleus | The thalamic reticular nucleus is part of the ventral thalamus that forms a capsule around the thalamus laterally. However, recent evidence from mice and fish question this statement and define it as dorsal thalamic structure.[1][2] It is separated from the thalamus by the external medullary lamina. Reticular cells are GABAergic, and have discoid dendritic arbors in the plane of the nucleus. Thalamic Reticular Nucleus is variously abbreviated TRN, RTN, NRT, and RT [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalamic_reticular_nucleus]. | thalamic reticular nucleus |
| superior salivatory nuclei | The superior salivary nucleus (or superior salivatory nucleus) of the facial nerve is a visceromotor cranial nerve nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum. Parasympathetic efferent fibers of the facial nerve (preganglionic fibers) arise according to some authors from the small cells of the facial nucleus, or according to others from a special nucleus of cells scattered in the reticular formation, dorso-medial to the facial nucleus. This is sometimes called the superior salivatory nucleus. These preganglionic fibers are distributed partly via the chorda tympani and lingual nerves to the submandibular ganglion, thence by postganglionic (vasodilator) fibers to the submandibular gland and sublingual gland. Some of the preganglionic fibers travel along the greater petrosal nerve through the pterygoid canal (where they join the postsynaptic fibers of the deep petrosal nerve and are called the Vidian nerve) and synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, whereupon the postganglionic, postsynaptic, efferent fibers travel to innervate the lacrimal gland and the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx. The term "lacrimal nucleus" is sometimes used to refer to a portion of the superior salivary nucleus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_salivary_nucleus]. | superior salivary nucleus |
| substantia gelatinosa | The apex of the posterior horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord is capped by a V-shaped or crescentic mass of translucent, gelatinous neuroglia, termed the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando (or SGR) (or gelatinous substance of posterior horn of spinal cord), which contains both neuroglia cells, and small nerve cells. The gelatinous appearance is due to a very low concentration of myelinated fibers.It is named after Luigi Rolando. It corresponds to Rexed lamina II [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantia_gelatinosa_of_Rolando]. | substantia gelatinosa of Rolando; gelatinous substance of posterior horn of spinal cord |
| submedial thalamic nucleus | Thalamic nucleus separated from the ventromedial part of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thanalmus by the internal medullary lamina (Paxinos The rat nervous system 2nd ed, Academic Press, 1995) [NeuroLex: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Submedial_nucleus]. | submedial nucleus thalamus; submedial nucleus of thalamus; nucleus submedius thalami; gelatinosus thalamic nucleus; submedial thalamic nucleus |
| nucleus of the spinal tract | The spinal trigeminal nucleus is a nucleus in the medulla that receives information about deep/crude touch, pain, and temperature from the ipsilateral face. The facial (cranial nerve 7), glossopharyngeal (CN9), and vagus nerves (CN10) also convey pain information from their areas to the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Thus the spinal trigeminal nucleus receives input from cranial nerves 5,7,9,10. This nucleus projects to the ventral posterior medial nucleus in the dorsal thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus]. | spinal trigeminal nucleus |
| nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal | The spinal trigeminal nucleus is a nucleus in the medulla that receives information about deep/crude touch, pain, and temperature from the ipsilateral face. The facial (cranial nerve 7), glossopharyngeal (CN9), and vagus nerves (CN10) also convey pain information from their areas to the spinal trigeminal nucleus.[1]. Thus the spinal trigeminal nucleus receives input from cranial nerves 5,7,9,10. This nucleus projects to the ventral posterior medial nucleus in the dorsal thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus]. | spinal trigeminal nucleus |
| spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve | The spinal accessory nucleus lies within the cervical spinal cord (C1-C5) in the ventral horn. The nucleus ambiguus is classically said to provide the "cranial component" of the accessory nerve. However, the very existence of this cranial component has been recently questioned and seen as contributing exclusively to the vagus nerve. The terminology continues to be used in describing both human anatomy, and that of other animals [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_accessory_nucleus]. | spinal accessory nucleus |
| nucleus of the tractus solitarius | The solitary tract and nucleus are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_nucleus]. | solitary nucleus |
| secondary olfactory cortex | Brodmann's area 28; major gateway for neocortical input to the hippocampus; origin of the perforant pathway; a component of the medial temporal lobe memory system. (CSP) * The cytoarchitecturally well-defined area of multilaminate cerebral cortex on the medial aspect of the parahippocampal gyrus, immediately caudal to the olfactory cortex of the uncus. The entorhinal cortex is the origin of the major neural fiber system afferent to the hippocampus, the so-called PERFORANT PATHWAY (Stedman, 25th ed) (MSH) [NeuroLex: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Secondary_olfactory_cortex]. | secondary olfactory cortical area; area 28 of Brodmann; secondary olfactory areas |
| renal vasculature | The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_artery]. | renal artery |
| renal proximal convoluted tubule | The proximal tubule is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximal_convoluted_tubule]. | proximal convoluted tubule |
| principal sensory | The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus of V) is a group of second order neurons which have cell bodies in the dorsal Pons. It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw via first order neurons of CN V. Most of the sensory information crosses the midline and travels to the contralateral ventral posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Ventral trigeminothalamic tract. However, information of the oral cavity travels to the ipsilateral Ventral Posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Dorsal trigeminothalamic tract [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_sensory_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve]. | principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve |
| premamillary nucleus | The term premammillary nuclei refers to two groups of cells demonstrated by Nissl stain ventrally in the posterior hypothalamic region just rostral to the medial mammillary nucleus. They are the dorsal premammillary nucleus and the ventral premammillary nucleus. They are prominent in the rat (Swanson., 2004) and the mouse (Hof., 2000). Some authors report them also in the macaque (Bleier., 1984), though others indicate that they are represented only by a small group of cells in that species (Crosby., 1962; Paxinos., 2009). They are not detectable by Nissl stain in the human (Saper., 2004) [BrainInfo: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=418]. | premammillary nuclei; premammillary nucleus; premamillary nuclei |
| dorsolateral column | The posterolateral tract (fasciculus of Lissauer, Lissauer's tract, tract of Lissauer, dorsolateral fasciculus, dorsolateral tract, zone of Lissauer) is a small strand situated in relation to the tip of the posterior column close to the entrance of the posterior nerve roots [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterolateral_tract]. | posterolateral tract; fasciculus of Lissauer; Lissauer's tract; tract of Lissauer; dorsolateral fasciculus; dorsolateral tract; zone of Lissauer |
| nucleus thoracicus | Clarke's column (column of Clarke, dorsal nucleus, posterior thoracic nucleus) is a group of interneurons found in Lamina VII, also known as the intermediate zone, of the spinal cord [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_thoracic_nucleus]. | posterior thoracic nucleus; Clarke's column; column of Clarke; dorsal nucleus; posterior thoracic nucleus |
| posterior nucleus | The posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus is one of the many nuclei that make up the hypothalamic region of the brain. Its function is thermoregulation (heating) of the body. Damage or destruction of this nucleus causes hypothermia. Descending efferents from the nucleus synapse on the sympathetic neurons of the spinal cord, which exist in the thoracic and lumbar regions in the lateral horns [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_nucleus_of_hypothalamus]. | posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus |
| auricle | Auricle is an Anglicization of Latin auricula, from auris "ear" and -cula, a diminutive suffix [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auricle]. In animal anatomy, the pinna (Latin for feather) is the visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head (this may also be referred to as the auricle or auricula) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinna_(anatomy)]. | pinna; auricle; auricula |
| paracentral thalamic nucleus | Cell groups within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus. They include a rostral division comprising the paracentral, central lateral, central dorsal, and central medial nuclei, and a caudal division composed of the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei. | paracentral nucleus thalamus; paracentral thalamic nucleus; nucleus paracentral thalami; paracentral nucleus of thalamus; nucleus paracentral; nucleus centralis lateralis superiorcentral dorsal nucleus; central dorsal thalamic nucleus; central lateral nucleus; central lateral thalamic nucleuscentral medial nucleuscentral medial thalamic nucleus; centromedian nucleusventromedian thalamic nucleus; interlaminar nuclei of thalamus; intralaminar nuclear group; intralaminar thalamic nuclei; paracentral nucleus; parafascicular nucleus; parafascicular thalamic nucleus; reticulate nuclei of thalamus; rostral intralaminar nuclei |
| anterior lobe of the cerebellum | The anterior lobe of cerebellum is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception. In alcoholics, it can deteriorate. It is sometimes equated to the "paleocerebellum" [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_lobe_of_cerebellum]. | paleocerebellum |
| ventral thalamic nuclei | An area in the thalamus in the ventrolateral nuclear group consisting of a number of nuclei [Neurp: http://neuro.imm.dtu.dk/services/jerne/brede/WOROI_244.html]. The most rostral of the subdivisions of the ventral nucleus, receiving projections from the globus pallidus and projecting to the premotor and frontal cortex [Biology-Online: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Ventral_anterior_nucleus_of_thalamus]. | nucleus ventralis; anterior thalami |
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