| lymph | A clear, watery, sometimes faintly yellowish fluid derived from body tissues that contains white blood cells and circulates throughout the lymphatic system, returning to the venous bloodstream through the thoracic duct. Lymph acts to remove bacteria and certain proteins from the tissues, transport fat from the small intestine, and supply mature lymphocytes to the blood [Brenda]. | — |
| lymph node | Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph [Brenda]. | — |
| spleen | A highly vascular ductless organ that is located in the left abdominal region near the stomach or intestine of most vertebrates and is concerned with final destruction of red blood cells, filtration and storage of blood, and production of lymphocytes [Brenda]. | — |
| oral cavity | The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food and [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth]. | — |
| pharynx | The part of the vertebrate alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus.nThe pharynx of Nematodes is an efficient pump and forces food into the intestines [Brenda]. | — |
| oesophagus | The esophagus (oesophagus) is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. During swallowing, food passes from the mouth through the pharynx into the esophagus and travels via peristalsis to the stomach. The word esophagus is derived from the Latin Åsophagus, which derives from the Greek word oisophagos, lit. "entrance for eating." In humans the esophagus is continuous with the laryngeal part of the pharynx at the level of the C6 vertebra. The esophagus passes through posterior mediastinum in thorax and enters abdomen through a hole in the diaphragm at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebrae (T10). It is usually about 25â30 cm long depending on individual height. It is divided into cervical, thoracic and abdominal parts. Due to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, the entry to the esophagus opens only when swallowing or vomiting [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagus]. | — |
| stomach | A dilatation of the alimentary canal of a vertebrate communicating anteriorly with the esophagus and posteriorly with the duodenum [Brenda]. | — |
| intestine | The tubular part of the alimentary canal that extends from the stomach to the anus [Brenda]. | — |
| mesentery | One or more vertebrate membranes that consist of a double fold of the peritoneum and invest the intestines and their appendages and connect them with the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity [Brenda]. | — |
| omentum | A sheet of fat that is covered by peritoneum. The greater omentum is attached to the bottom edge of the stomach, and hangs down in front of the intestines. Its other edge is attached to the transverse colon. The lesser omentum is attached to the top edge of the stomach, and extends to the undersurface of the liver [Omentum: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4632]. | — |
| peritoneum | The smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen of a mammal and is folded inward over the abdominal and pelvic viscera [Brenda]. | — |
| liver and biliary system | The biliary system consists of the organs and ducts (bile ducts, gallbladder, and associated structures) that are involved in the production and transportation of bile [MedicalCenter: http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/liver_biliary_pancreatic_disease/biliary_system_anatomy/Pages/index.aspx]. | — |
| pancreas | A large lobulated gland of vertebrates that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon [Brenda]. | — |
| urinary system | The organs and passageways concerned with the production and excretion of urine, including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra [Brenda]. | — |
| peripheral nervous system | The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the central nervous system (CNS) to sensory organs (such as the eye and ear), other organs of the body, muscles, blood vessels and glands [Brenda]. | — |
| reproductive system | In women, the organs that are directly involved in producing eggs and in conceiving and carrying babies. In men, the organs directly involved in creating, storing, and delivering sperm to fertilize an egg [Brenda]. | — |
| endocrine pancreas | That part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and sometimes pancreatic polypeptide directly into the bloodstream [Brenda]. | — |
| pineal gland | A small, cone-shaped organ in the brain of most vertebrates that secretes the hormone melatonin [Brenda]. | — |
| pituitary gland | In vertebrate anatomy the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 g (0.02 oz.) in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae). The pituitary is functionally connected to the hypothalamus by the median eminence via a small tube called the infundibular stem (Pituitary stalk). The pituitary fossa, in which the pituitary gland sits, is situated in the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa at the base of the brain. The pituitary gland secretes nine hormones that regulate homeostasis [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland]. | — |
| thyroid | The thyroid gland or simply, the thyroid (ËθaɪrÉɪd ...), in vertebrate anatomy, is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage (which forms the laryngeal prominence, or "Adam's apple"). The isthmus (the bridge between the two lobes of the thyroid) is located inferior to the cricoid cartilage [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid]. | — |
| parathyroid | The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, which are usually located on the rear surface of the thyroid gland, or, in rare cases, within the thyroid gland itself or in the chest. Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_gland]. | — |
| adrenal gland | Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine [Brenda]. | — |
| excretory system | The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from an organism, so as to help maintain homeostasis within the organism and prevent damage to the body. It is responsible for the elimination of the waste products of metabolism as well as other liquid and gaseous wastes. As most healthy functioning organs produce metabolic and other wastes, the entire organism depends on the function of the system; however, only the organs specifically for the excretion process are considered a part of the excretory system. The excretory system gets rid of waste called urine or "pee" [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretory_system]. | — |
| tubule | A tubule is a very small tube or fistular structure. A system of surface-connected membranes in muscle that enables a nerve impulse to travel to the interior of the muscle fibre. In anatomy, a tubule is a minute tube lined with glandular epithelium [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubule]. | — |
| thymus | A glandular structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions especially in the development of the body's immune system, is present in the young of most vertebrates typically in the upper anterior chest or at the base of the neck, and tends to atrophy in the adult [Brenda]. | — |
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