| trigeminal nucleus | One of the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, consisting of a slender column of cells in the lateral central gray matter of the superior part of the fourth ventral and cerebral aqueduct. It is the only central nervous system site of primary sensory neurons; its cells resemble posterior root ganglion cells. The peripheral processes of the cells, which form the mesencephalic tract, carry proprioceptive impulses; the central processes have widespread cerebellar and brain stem connections, including the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve [Brenda]. | — |
| olivary nuclei | In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivary_body]. | — |
| nucleus gracilis | Located in the medulla oblongata, the gracile nucleus is one of the dorsal column nuclei that participate in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body (legs and trunk). It contains second-order neurons of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus system, which receive inputs from sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and send axons that synapse in the thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_nucleus]. | — |
| nucleus cuneatus | One of the dorsal column nuclei, the cuneate nucleus is a wedge-shaped nucleus in the closed part of the medulla oblongata. It contains cells that give rise to the cuneate tubercle, visible on the posterior aspect of the medulla. It lies laterally to the gracile nucleus and medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_nucleus]. | — |
| supraspinal nucleus | A transverse section across the lower medulla oblongata intersects the dorsal, lateral and ventral funiculi, which are continuous with their counterparts in the spinal cord. The ventral funiculi are separated from the central grey matter by corticospinal fibres, which cross in the pyramidal decussation to reach the contralateral lateral funiculi. The decussation displaces the central grey matter and central canal dorsally. Continuity between the ventral grey column and central grey matter, which is maintained throughout the spinal cord, is lost. The column subdivides into the supraspinal nucleus (continuous above with that of the hypoglossal nerve), which is the efferent source of the first cervical nerve, and the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve, which provides some spinal accessory fibres and merges rostrally with the nucleus ambiguus [Gray's Anatomy]. | — |
| accessory cuneate nucleus | The accessory cuneate nucleus is located lateral to the cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata at the level of the sensory decussation (the crossing fibers of the posterior column/medial lemniscus tract). It receives input from cervical spinal nerves and transmits that information to the cerebellum. These fibers are called cuneocerebellar (cuneate nucleus -> cerebellum) fibers. In this function, the accessory cuneate nucleus is comparable to the upper extremity portion of the posterior spinocerebellar tract [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessory_cuneate_nucleus]. | — |
| dorsal vagal nucleus | The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (or posterior motor nucleus of vagus) is a cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve that arises from the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations. The cell bodies for the preganglionic parasympathetic vagal neurons that innervate the heart reside in the nucleus ambiguus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]. | — |
| nucleus parasolitarius | A neuronal group ventrolateral to the nucleus solitarius has been termed the nucleus parasolitarius [Gray's Anatomy]. | — |
| arcuate nuclei | The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including: neuroendocrine neurons, centrally-projecting neurons, and others [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleus]. | — |
| nucleus ambiguus | The nucleus ambiguus (literally "ambiguous nucleus") is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal (posterior) to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper (rostral) medulla. It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus]. | — |
| middle lobe of the cerebellum | — | — |
| flocculonodular lobe | The flocculonodular lobe is a lobe of the cerebellum consisting of the nodule and the flocculus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculonodular_lobe]. | — |
| vermis | The cerebellar vermis (Latin for worm) is located in the medial, cortico-nuclear zone of the cerebellum, residing in the posterior fossa of the cranium. The primary fissure in the vermis curves ventrolaterally to the superior surface of the cerebellum, dividing it into anterior and posterior lobes. Functionally, the vermis is associated with bodily posture and locomotion. The vermis is included within the spinocerebellum and receives somatic sensory input from the head and proximal body parts via ascending spinal pathways [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellar_vermis]. | — |
| dentate nucleus | The dentate nucleus is located within the deep white matter of each cerebellar hemisphere, and it is the largest single structure linking the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. It is the largest and most lateral, or farthest from the midline, of the four pairs of deep cerebellar nuclei, the others being the fastigial and the interposed nuclei (globose and emboliform nuclei combined). The dentate nucleus is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements. The dorsal region of the dentate nucleus contains output channels involved in motor function, which is the movement of skeletal muscle, while the ventral region contains output channels involved in nonmotor function, such as conscious thought and visuospatial function [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentate_nucleus]. | — |
| nucleus emboliformis | [Brenda]. | — |
| nucleus globosus | [Brenda]. | — |
| nucleus fastigii | [Brenda]. | — |
| loop of Henle | In the kidney, the loop of Henle (or Henle's loop or ansa nephroni) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after its discoverer F. G. J. Henle, the loop of Henle's main function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_of_Henle]. | — |
| cochlea | A division of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear of higher vertebrates that is usually coiled like a snail shell and is the seat of the hearing organ [Brenda]. | — |
| semicircular canal | Three membranous semicircular tubes contained in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear. They are concerned with equilibrium and the interpretation of the bodys position in space. The three canals are set anterior, posterior, and lateral, at right angles to each other and are situated superior and posterior to the vestibule [Brenda]. | — |
| saccule | The smaller of two membranous sacs in the vestibule of the inner ear [Brenda]. | — |
| frontal lobe | Front part of the brain; involved in planning, organizing, problem solving, selective attention, personality and a variety of higher cognitive functions including behavior and emotions [Brenda]. | — |
| parietal lobe | The upper central lobe of the cerebral hemisphere, separated from the temporal lobe below by the lateral sulcus, but continuous at the posterior end of that sulcus, and separated from the frontal lobe by the central sulcus. Behind, it is continuous with the occipital lobe on the lateral surface, but separated from it by the parietooccipital sulcus on the medial surface [Brenda]. | — |
| temporal lobe | One of the two parietal lobes of the brain located behind the frontal lobe at the top of the brain. Parietal Lobe, Right - Damage to this area can cause visuo-spatial deficits (for example, the patient may have difficulty finding their way around new, or even familiar, places). Parietal Lobe, Left - Damage to this area may disrupt a patient's ability to understand spoken and/or written language. The parietal lobes contain the primary sensory cortex which controls sensation (touch, pressure). Behind the primary sensory cortex is a large association area that controls fine sensation (judgment of texture, weight, size, shape) [Brenda]. | — |
| occipital lobe | This lobe is located at the back of the head and is involved in vision and reading [Brenda]. | — |
Comment on This Data Unit