| Zw | Zwischenferment | Mean lifespan of G6PD overexpressor flies is extended in comparison with driver and responder controls, armadillo-GAL4 (up to 38%), Tubulin-GAL4 (up to 29%), C23-GAL4 (up to 27%), da-GAL4 (up to 24%), D42-GAL4 (up to 18%) and Appl-GAL4 (up to 16%). The maximum lifespan is also increased [18809674].
G6PD enzymatic activity as well as levels of NADPH, NADH, and the GSH/GSSG ration are increased [18809674]. | Fruit fly |
| VhaSFD | Vacuolar H+-ATPase SFD subunit | Overexpression of VhaSFD (from a doxycycline-inducible promoter) results in a 5-10% increase in mean lifespan [12620118]. | Fruit fly |
| tim | timeless | TIMELESS (TIM) oscillation are attenuated in the cerebral clock neurons of elderly flies [23223368].
Tim01 mutants have nearly a 50% reduced fecundity [14667147]. | Fruit fly |
| Trx-2 | thioredoxin-2 | Trx-2 mutants have a 25% reduction in maximum lifespan and exhibit lower tolerance to oxidative stress while animals carrying multiple copies of Trx-2 exhibit higher tolerance [17567437]. | Fruit fly |
| TrxT | Thioredoxin T | Overexpression of TrxT in neurons increases the level of locomotor activity in aged flies and extends the mean lifespan by 15% [17301052]. | Fruit fly |
| Trxr-1 | Thioredoxin reductase-1 | Overexpression of Trxr-1 (alias GSR; glutathione reductase) in transgenic flies results in increased lifespan and oxidative stress resistance, but only under hyperoxia [10506576]. | Fruit fly |
| Jafrac1 | thioredoxin peroxidase 1 | Neuronal overexpression of Jafrac1 significantly increases both mean and maximum lifespan, while neuronal knockdown as well as loss of function mutation, causes a reduction in lifespan by 30%. The mean lifespan is 26% and 29% higher in females and males, respectively. The maximum lifespan is increased by 22% and 26% in females and males, respectively [19720829].
There is a consistent and significant lifespan extension (15% mean lifespan increase) in both males and females when Jafrac1 is overexpressed in somatic cells. Jafrac1 overexpression using the weaker 5961FS driver moderately but significantly extends lifespan [20976250]. | Fruit fly |
| Ten-a | Tenascin accessory | Ten-a exhibits a coding region difference unique to animals under experimental evolution selected for longevity and is differentially expressed in the head in for longevity selected lines [23106705]. | Fruit fly |
| Tor | Target of rapamycin | Expression of a dominant-negative form of Tor extends lifespan [15186745]. Ubiquitious overexpression of dTOR with the da-GAL4 driver of UAS-dTOR(FRB) which contains the 11kDA FKB12-rapamycin binding domain led to a mean and maximum lifespan increase of 15% (24%) and 29% at 29°C and of 50% (26%) and 13% at 25°C, respectively [15186745].
Overexpression of the dominant-negative form of Tor specifically in the fat and muscle tissues is sufficient to extend the mean and maximum lifespan by 24 and 19%, respectively [15186745].
Overexpression of UAS-dTOR(WT) or UAS-dTOR(TED) prevents eclosion to adulthood [15186745]. | Fruit fly |
| to | TakeOut | Overexpression of to in adult neurons, pericerbral or abdonimal fat body increases male and female lifespan. to overexpression in the adult nervous system, head fat body and abdominal fat body results in 25, 20 and 12-18% increase of mean lifespan. On average the mean lifespan is extended for males and females by 18 and 26%, while maximum lifespan of male and female is increased by 13 and 25% [20519778].
Starvation, DR and many longevity mutants (like Rpd3, Sir2, chico, methusalem) all upregulate takeout (to). to is a secreted potential juvenile hormone binding protein and its induction by starvation is blocked by all arrhythmic central clock mutants [20519778; 20622267]. | Fruit fly |
| Surf1 | surfeit gene 1 | Surf1 knockdown results in larval lethality. However, knockdown in the central nervous system (CNS) not only bypasses the larval lethality but it results in an increase in maximum lifespan of about 20-30% [16172499]. | Fruit fly |
| Sod2 | Superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn) | RNA interference of Sod2 results in increased oxidative stress and early-onset mortality in young adults [12456885]. Overexpression of Sod2 by 5-115% decreases lifespan by 4-5% without any compensatory changes in metablic rate, level of physical activity, or the levels of other antioxidants (Sod, Cat, and glutathione) [10545213]. Targeted overexpression of Sod2 in motor neurons alone extends lifespan by 30% [11113599]. Induced overexpression of Sod2 in adult animals extends lifespan up to 37% [12072463]. Overexpression of catalase in combination with SOD2 has no added benefit for lifespan [12072463]. Animals overexpressing SOD2 or catalase do not exhibit a decrease in metabolism as measured by oxgen consumption [12072463].
Sod2 overexpression results in a 20% increase in mean and maximum lifespan [18067683]. | Fruit fly |
| Sod1 | Superoxide dismutase | Simultaneous overexpression of catalase and Sod (alias Sod1) results in a one-third lifespan extension, a slower rate of mortality acceleration, and a delayed loss in physical performance, but neither has any effect on lifespan alone [8108730]. General overexpression of Sod (also known as Cu/ZnSOD) alone is sufficient to extend lifespan by up to 48%. Simultaneous overexpression of catalase with Cu/ZnSOD has no added benefit, presumably due to a pre-existing excess of catalase [9858546]. Sod1 reduction by knockdown or knockout blunts the lifespan extension by a high sugar-low protein diet, but not a low-calorie diet [22672579].
Sod mutant flies display infertility and a reduction in lifespan [2539600]. | Fruit fly |
| sug | sugarbabe | Overexpression of sug (from a doxycycline-inducible promoter) results in a 5-9% increase in mean lifespan [12620118]. | Fruit fly |
| sdhC | succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome b556 subunit | Mutants expressing a dominant negative form of sdhC in the nervous system have a 22% reduced mean lifespan and signs of oxidative stress induction [17854771]. | Fruit fly |
| SdhB | Succinate dehydrogenase B | SdhB mutants are hypersensitive to oxygen and displays signs of premature aging, including a 66% decrease in mean lifespan and a 17% decrease in maximum lifespan [17056719]. | Fruit fly |
| sun | Stunted | sun mutations increases lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress [15133470] | Fruit fly |
| SNF4Agamma | SNF4/AMP-activated protein kinase gamma subunit | Deletion of SNF4Agamma from the first day of the imaginal stage shortens mean lifespan by 23% and causes morphological and behavioural features of premature aging [18219227]. | Fruit fly |
| snz | snazarus | Mutation in snz increases maximum lifespan of both sexes by up to 66%, while the median female lifespan is approximately 85% higher and that of males around 72% [18478054]. | Fruit fly |
| sm | smooth | Overexpression of sm in males increases mean and maximum lifespan by 29% and and 16%, respectively [22366109]. | Fruit fly |
| SIFR | SIFamide receptor | Overexpression of SIFR in males extends mean and maximum lifespan by 23% and 3%, respectively [22366109]. | Fruit fly |
| Sh | Shaker | Genetic mutation in Sh decreases lifespan by accelerating the aging process. At 25 degree mean and maximum lifespan is reduced by 16 and 22%, while by 18 degree Celsius the reduction is 32 and 21% [8582611]. | Fruit fly |
| sgg | shaggy | Several insertions of P-based vectors in the structural part of sgg are associated with alterations of male and female lifespan [22661237]. | Fruit fly |
| Scgdelta | Sarcoglycan delta | Deletion of Scgdelta has detrimental effects on the flight muscles of adult animals and heart function. Median lifespan is reduced by 15-30% [17855453]. | Fruit fly |
| rut | rutabaga | Two rutabaga mutants, rut1 and rut2080, have significantly shortened lifespans [17369827]. | Fruit fly |
