| flocculonodular lobe | The flocculonodular lobe is a lobe of the cerebellum consisting of the nodule and the flocculus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculonodular_lobe]. | — |
| frontal lobe | Front part of the brain; involved in planning, organizing, problem solving, selective attention, personality and a variety of higher cognitive functions including behavior and emotions [Brenda]. | — |
| globus pallidus | The smaller and more medial part of the lentiform nucleus of the brain, separated from the putamen by the lateral medullary lamina. In official anatomic nomenclature, it is divided by the medial medullary lamina into two parts, lateral and medial, both of which have extensive connections with the corpus striatum, thalamus, and mesencephalon.nThe paleostriatum is the phylogenetically older part of the corpus striatum represented by the globus pallidus [Brenda]. | — |
| glomerus | In the kidney, a tubular structure called the nephron filters blood to form urine. At the beginning of the nephron, the glomerulus is a network (tuft) of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering blood. [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus]. | glomerulus |
| habenular nucleus | The gray matter of the habenula, composed of a small-celled medial and a larger-celled lateral habenular nucleus; both nuclei receive fibres from basal forebrain regions (septum, basal nucleus, lateral preoptic nucleus); the lateral habenular nucleus receives an additional projection from the medial segment of the globus pallidus. Both nuclei project by way of the retroflex fasciculus to the interpeduncular nucleus and a medial zone of the midbrain tegmentum [Brenda]. | — |
| hippocampus | A curved elongated ridge that extends over the floor of the descending horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain and consists of gray matter covered on the ventricular surface with white matter;nThe hippocampus is a part of the temporal lobe, which has a well established role in learning, memory and emotion [Brenda]. | — |
| infundibular nucleus | A nucleus of nerve cells in the posterior hypothalamic region, extending into the median eminence and almost entirely surrounding the base of the infundibulum [Brenda]. | — |
| insula | In each hemisphere of the mammalian brain the insular cortex (often called insula, insulary cortex or insular lobe) is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus between the temporal lobe and the frontal lobe. The cortical area overlying it towards the lateral surface of the brain is the operculum (meaning "lid"). The opercula are formed from parts of the enclosing frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. It is believed to be involved in consciousness. The insular cortex is divided into two parts: the larger anterior insula and the smaller posterior insula in which more than a dozen field areas have been identified. The insulae play a role in diverse functions usually linked to emotion or the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions include perception, motor control, self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal experience. In relation to these it is involved in psychopathology [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_cortex]. | insular cortex |
| lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus | The lateral dorsal nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. It acts in concert with the anterior nuclei of thalamus. It receives significant input from several subdivisions of visual cortex, and has a primary output to parietal cortex on the dorsolateral cortical convexity, giving it access to limbic forebrain nuclei important for emotion and behavior functions [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_dorsal_nucleus_of_thalamus]. | — |
| lateral geniculate nucleus | The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processing center for visual information received from the retina of the eye. The LGN is found inside the thalamus of the brain, and is thus part of the central nervous system [Brenda]. | — |
| lateral mamillary nucleus | The lateral mamillary nucleus is a group of nuclei which besides the medial mamillary nucleus make up the mammaliary body (pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain), that, as part of the diencephalon form part of the limbic system located at the ends of the anterioir arces of the fornix [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammillary_body]. | lateral mammillary nuclei; lateral mamillary nuclei; lateral mammillary nuclei; Lateral mammillary hypothalamic nucleus |
| lateral nucleus | The lateral hypothalamus or lateral hypothalamic area is a part of the hypothalamus. It is concerned with hunger. Damage to this area can cause reduced food intake. Stimulating the lateral hypothalamus causes a desire to eat, while stimulating the ventromedial hypothalamus causes a desire to stop eating [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_hypothalamus]. | lateral hypothalamus; lateral hypothalamic area |
| lateral olfactory stria | The lateral olfactory stria is directed across the lateral part of the anterior perforated substance and then bends abruptly medialward toward the uncus of the hippocampal gyrus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_olfactory_stria]. | — |
| lateral posterior thalamic nucleus | The lateral posterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. It acts in concert with the pulvinar [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_posterior_nucleus_of_thalamus]. | — |
| lateral thalamic nuclei | The lateral nuclear complex, lying lateral to the internal medullary lamina, is the largest division of the thalamus. It is divided into dorsal and ventral tiers of nuclei. The lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus and the pulvinar all lie dorsally. The lateral and medial geniculate nuclei lie inferior to the pulvinar near the posterior pole of the thalamus. The ventral tier nuclei are the ventral anterior, ventral lateral and ventral posterior nuclei [Gray's Anatomy: http://www.expertconsultbook.com/expertconsult/ob/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=none&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06684-9..50029-9--cesec4&isbn=978-0-443-06684-9]. | Lateral nuclear group |
| lateral tuberal nucleus | Nerve cell nuclei situated ventrally in the intermediate hypothalamic region, mainly in the lateral hypothalamic area [Brenda]. | — |
| lentiform nucleus | The lentiform nucleus or lenticular nucleus comprises the putamen and the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia. It is a large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentiform_nucleus]. | — |
| limiting thalamic nucleus | The nucleus limitans is the most ventromedial part of the thalamus. It is limited medially by the anterior pretectal nuclues [Morys et al., 1989: http://www.ane.pl/pdf/4919.pdf]. | nucleus limitans |
| loop of Henle | In the kidney, the loop of Henle (or Henle's loop or ansa nephroni) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after its discoverer F. G. J. Henle, the loop of Henle's main function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_of_Henle]. | — |
| medial dorsal thalamic nucleus | The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_dorsal_nucleus]. | — |
| medial geniculate nucleus | The medial geniculate nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus that acts as a relay for auditory information. It receives its input from the inferior colliculus and sends information out to the auditory cortex. Nucleus within the medial geniculate body [Brenda]. | — |
| medial mamillary nucleus | The term medial mammillary nucleus refers to a well defined group of cells located ventromedially in the posterior hypothalamic region of the human, macaque, rat and mouse. Defined on the basis of Nissl stain it is the most prominent cell group in the volume bounded by the mammillary body. In the human (Saper., 2004) and the macaque (Paxinos., 2009) it is composed of two parts, the medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus and the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus. In the rat (Swanson., 2004) and the mouse (Hof., 2000) it is composed of two different parts: body of the medial mammillary nucleus and median part of the medial mammillary nucleus [BrainInfo: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414]. | medial mammillary nuclei; medial mammillary nucleus; medial mamillary nuclei |
| medial olfactory stria | The medial olfactory stria turns medialward behind the parolfactory area and ends in the subcallosal gyrus; in some cases a small intermediate stria is seen running backward to the anterior perforated substance [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_olfactory_stria]. | — |
| medial thalamic nuclei | The medial thalamic nucleus is a large nuclear mass within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus [Walker, 1940: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cne.900730107/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+3+Mar+from+10-13+GMT+for+monthly+maintenance]. Central medial thalamic nucleus are cell groups within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus. They include a rostral division comprising the paracentral, central lateral, central dorsal, and central medial nuclei, and a caudal division composed of the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei [MeSH]. | central medial thalamic nucleus; nucleus centralis medialis thalami; central medial thalamic nucleus; central medial nucleus thalamus; central medial nucleus of thalamus; nucleus centralis medialis |
| mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus | The mesencephalic nucleus is involved with proprioception of the face, that is, the feeling of position of the muscles. Unlike many nuclei within the CNS, the mesencephalic nucleus contains no chemical synapses but are electrically coupled. Instead, neurons of this nucleus are pseudounipolar cells receiving proprioceptive information from the mandible, and sending projections to the motor trigeminal nucleus to mediate monosynaptic jaw jerk reflexes. It is also the only structure in the CNS to contain the cell bodies of a primary afferent, which are usually contained within ganglia (like the trigeminal ganglion) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve]. | — |
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