| centromedian thalamic nucleus | In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a part of the intralaminar nucleus (ILN) of the thalamus. There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally. It contains about 2000 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromedian_nucleus]. | centromedian nucleus; centrum medianum |
| glomerus | In the kidney, a tubular structure called the nephron filters blood to form urine. At the beginning of the nephron, the glomerulus is a network (tuft) of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering blood. [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus]. | glomerulus |
| loop of Henle | In the kidney, the loop of Henle (or Henle's loop or ansa nephroni) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after its discoverer F. G. J. Henle, the loop of Henle's main function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_of_Henle]. | — |
| colliculi | Is a small elevation either of the two pairs of rounded eminences in the midbrain concerned with visual and auditory reflexes. The seminal colliculus a prominent portion of the male urethral crest, on which are the opening of the prostatic utricle and, on either side of it, the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts; called also verumontanum [TheFreeDictionary: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/colliculus]. | colliculus |
| pulvinar | Large mass of nuclei forming the most caudal portion of the thalamus and overhanging the geniculate bodies and the dorsolateral surface of the midbrain. It is divided into four parts: the lateral, medial, inferior, and oral pulvinar nuclei [Brenda]. | — |
| nucleus gracilis | Located in the medulla oblongata, the gracile nucleus is one of the dorsal column nuclei that participate in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body (legs and trunk). It contains second-order neurons of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus system, which receive inputs from sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and send axons that synapse in the thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_nucleus]. | — |
| lateral tuberal nucleus | Nerve cell nuclei situated ventrally in the intermediate hypothalamic region, mainly in the lateral hypothalamic area [Brenda]. | — |
| caudate nucleus | One of the centrally-located portions of the brain affected by Huntington's Disease. Speech and swallowing problems arise when this region and another region called the putamen are affected [Brenda]. | — |
| nucleus cuneatus | One of the dorsal column nuclei, the cuneate nucleus is a wedge-shaped nucleus in the closed part of the medulla oblongata. It contains cells that give rise to the cuneate tubercle, visible on the posterior aspect of the medulla. It lies laterally to the gracile nucleus and medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_nucleus]. | — |
| trigeminal nucleus | One of the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, consisting of a slender column of cells in the lateral central gray matter of the superior part of the fourth ventral and cerebral aqueduct. It is the only central nervous system site of primary sensory neurons; its cells resemble posterior root ganglion cells. The peripheral processes of the cells, which form the mesencephalic tract, carry proprioceptive impulses; the central processes have widespread cerebellar and brain stem connections, including the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve [Brenda]. | — |
| temporal lobe | One of the two parietal lobes of the brain located behind the frontal lobe at the top of the brain. Parietal Lobe, Right - Damage to this area can cause visuo-spatial deficits (for example, the patient may have difficulty finding their way around new, or even familiar, places). Parietal Lobe, Left - Damage to this area may disrupt a patient's ability to understand spoken and/or written language. The parietal lobes contain the primary sensory cortex which controls sensation (touch, pressure). Behind the primary sensory cortex is a large association area that controls fine sensation (judgment of texture, weight, size, shape) [Brenda]. | — |
| periaqueductal grey matter | Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the "central gray") is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the tegmentum of the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract (so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the PAG, in the mesencephalon or midbrain) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray]. | — |
| submedial thalamic nucleus | Thalamic nucleus separated from the ventromedial part of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thanalmus by the internal medullary lamina (Paxinos The rat nervous system 2nd ed, Academic Press, 1995) [NeuroLex: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Submedial_nucleus]. | submedial nucleus thalamus; submedial nucleus of thalamus; nucleus submedius thalami; gelatinosus thalamic nucleus; submedial thalamic nucleus |
| abducent nucleus | The abducens nucleus is the originating nucleus from which the abducens nerve (VI) emerges - a cranial nerve nucleus. This nucleus is located beneath the fourth ventricle in the caudal portion of the pons, medial to the sulcus limitans [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abducens_nucleus]. | — |
| accessory cuneate nucleus | The accessory cuneate nucleus is located lateral to the cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata at the level of the sensory decussation (the crossing fibers of the posterior column/medial lemniscus tract). It receives input from cervical spinal nerves and transmits that information to the cerebellum. These fibers are called cuneocerebellar (cuneate nucleus -> cerebellum) fibers. In this function, the accessory cuneate nucleus is comparable to the upper extremity portion of the posterior spinocerebellar tract [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessory_cuneate_nucleus]. | — |
| anterior nucleus | The anterior hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. Its function is thermoregulation (the maintenance of body temperature between certain parameters) of the body. The anterior hypothalamus plays a role in regulating sleep. The anterior hypothalamic region is sometimes grouped with the preoptic area [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleus]. | anterior hypothalamic nucleus |
| anterior lobe of the cerebellum | The anterior lobe of cerebellum is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception. In alcoholics, it can deteriorate. It is sometimes equated to the "paleocerebellum" [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_lobe_of_cerebellum]. | paleocerebellum |
| anterior thalamic nuclei | The anterior nuclei of thalamus (or anterior nuclear group) are a collection of nuclei at the rostral end of the dorsal thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_nuclei_of_thalamus]. | — |
| anterior dorsal thalamic nucleus | The anterior nuclei of thalamus (or anterior nuclear group) are a collection of nuclei at the rostral end of the dorsal thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_nuclei_of_thalamus]. | anterior nuclei of thalamus; anterior nuclear group |
| appendix | The appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal (or caecal) appendix; also vermix) is a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum (or caecum), from which it develops embryologically. The cecum is a pouchlike structure of the colon. The appendix is located near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine. The term "vermiform" comes from Latin and means "worm-shaped". It is widely present in the Euarchontoglires and has also evolved independently in the diprotodont marsupials and is highly diverse in size and shape [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermiform_appendix]. | vermiform appendix; cecal appendix; caecal appendix; vermix |
| arcuate nuclei | The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including: neuroendocrine neurons, centrally-projecting neurons, and others [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleus]. | — |
| vermis | The cerebellar vermis (Latin for worm) is located in the medial, cortico-nuclear zone of the cerebellum, residing in the posterior fossa of the cranium. The primary fissure in the vermis curves ventrolaterally to the superior surface of the cerebellum, dividing it into anterior and posterior lobes. Functionally, the vermis is associated with bodily posture and locomotion. The vermis is included within the spinocerebellum and receives somatic sensory input from the head and proximal body parts via ascending spinal pathways [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellar_vermis]. | — |
| crus cerebri | The cerebral crus is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts, the plural of which is cerebral crura [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_crus]. | — |
| cochlear nuclei | The cochlear nuclei (CN) are two heterogeneous collections of neurons in the mammalian brainstem that receive input from the cochlear nerve, which carry sound information from the cochleae. The outputs from the CN are to higher regions of the auditory brainstem [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_nuclei]. | — |
| renal collecting duct | The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. There are several components of the collecting duct system, including the connecting tubules, cortical collecting ducts, and medullary collecting ducts [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collecting_duct_system]. | collecting duct system |
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