| ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus | The composite middle third of the ventral nucleus receiving in its various parts distinctive projections from the contralateral half of the cerebellum (by way of the superior cerebellar peduncle) and the ipsilateral globus pallidus; nearly all parts of the nucleus project to the motor cortex [MediLexicon: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=61784]. | nucleus ventralis intermedius; nucleus ventralis lateralis; ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus |
| cortical amygdaloid nucleus | A nucleus in the corticomedial part of the amygdaloid body [Brenda]. | nucleus amygdalae corticalis |
| limiting thalamic nucleus | The nucleus limitans is the most ventromedial part of the thalamus. It is limited medially by the anterior pretectal nuclues [Morys et al., 1989: http://www.ane.pl/pdf/4919.pdf]. | nucleus limitans |
| tract | A neural pathway, neural tract, or neural face, connects one part of the nervous system with another and usually consists of bundles of elongated, myelin-insulated neurons, known collectively as white matter. Neural pathways serve to connect relatively distant areas of the brain or nervous system, compared to the local communication of grey matter [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_pathway]. | neural pathway; neural tract; neural face |
| neurons | Multiple nerve cells. | nerve cells |
| medial mamillary nucleus | The term medial mammillary nucleus refers to a well defined group of cells located ventromedially in the posterior hypothalamic region of the human, macaque, rat and mouse. Defined on the basis of Nissl stain it is the most prominent cell group in the volume bounded by the mammillary body. In the human (Saper., 2004) and the macaque (Paxinos., 2009) it is composed of two parts, the medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus and the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus. In the rat (Swanson., 2004) and the mouse (Hof., 2000) it is composed of two different parts: body of the medial mammillary nucleus and median part of the medial mammillary nucleus [BrainInfo: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414]. | medial mammillary nuclei; medial mammillary nucleus; medial mamillary nuclei |
| anterior medial thalamic nucleus | The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. It is believed to play a role in memory [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_dorsal_nucleus]. | medial dorsal nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus |
| medial accessory | The medial accessory olivary nucleus (MAO) lies between the primary olivary nucleus and the pyramid, and forms a curved lamina, the concavity of which is directed laterally [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivary_body]. | medial accessory olivary nucleus |
| malpighian tubule | The malphighian tubule system is a type of excretory and osmoregulatory system found in some Atelocerata, arachnids and tardigrades.
They consists of branching tubulues extending from the alimentary canal that absorbs solutes, water, and wastes from the surrounding hemolymph [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malpighian_tubule_system]. | malpighian tubule system |
| macula lutea | An irregular yellowish depression on the retina, about 3 degrees wide, lateral to and slightly below the optic disk; it is the site of absorption of short wavelengths of light, and it is thought that its variation in size, shape, and coloring may be related to variant types of color vision [Brenda]. | macula; macula of retina |
| lateral thalamic nuclei | The lateral nuclear complex, lying lateral to the internal medullary lamina, is the largest division of the thalamus. It is divided into dorsal and ventral tiers of nuclei. The lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus and the pulvinar all lie dorsally. The lateral and medial geniculate nuclei lie inferior to the pulvinar near the posterior pole of the thalamus. The ventral tier nuclei are the ventral anterior, ventral lateral and ventral posterior nuclei [Gray's Anatomy: http://www.expertconsultbook.com/expertconsult/ob/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=none&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06684-9..50029-9--cesec4&isbn=978-0-443-06684-9]. | Lateral nuclear group |
| lateral mamillary nucleus | The lateral mamillary nucleus is a group of nuclei which besides the medial mamillary nucleus make up the mammaliary body (pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain), that, as part of the diencephalon form part of the limbic system located at the ends of the anterioir arces of the fornix [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammillary_body]. | lateral mammillary nuclei; lateral mamillary nuclei; lateral mammillary nuclei; Lateral mammillary hypothalamic nucleus |
| nucleus of the lateral lemniscus | The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_lemniscus]. | lateral lemniscus |
| lateral nucleus | The lateral hypothalamus or lateral hypothalamic area is a part of the hypothalamus. It is concerned with hunger. Damage to this area can cause reduced food intake. Stimulating the lateral hypothalamus causes a desire to eat, while stimulating the ventromedial hypothalamus causes a desire to stop eating [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_hypothalamus]. | lateral hypothalamus; lateral hypothalamic area |
| nail bed | The formative layer of cells at the base of the fingernail or toenail; the matrix. Also called keratogenous membrane, matrix unguis. It is the area of modified epithelium beneath the nail, over which the nail plate slides forward as it grows [MedicalDictionary: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nail+bed]. | keratogenous membrane; matrix unguis |
| intermediomedial column | The term intermediomedial cell column refers to a cell column that occupies the medial portion of lamina VII along the central canal of the spinal cord (Anthoney-1994; Carpenter-1983) [BrainInfo: http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1668]. | intermediomedial cell column; intermediomedial nucleus; nucleus intermediomedialis |
| nucleus intercalatus | A small collection of nerve cells in the medulla oblongata lying lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus [Mondofacto: http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?Staderini's+nucleus]. | intercalated nucleus of medulla; nucleus staderini; staderini's nucleus; staderinis nucleus |
| integument system | The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages(including hair, scales, feathers, and nails). The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion, and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate temperature, and is the attachment site for sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature. In most terrestrial vertebrates with significant exposure to sunlight, the integumentary system also provides for vitamin D synthesis [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary_system]. | integumentary system; integument |
| insula | In each hemisphere of the mammalian brain the insular cortex (often called insula, insulary cortex or insular lobe) is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus between the temporal lobe and the frontal lobe. The cortical area overlying it towards the lateral surface of the brain is the operculum (meaning "lid"). The opercula are formed from parts of the enclosing frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. It is believed to be involved in consciousness. The insular cortex is divided into two parts: the larger anterior insula and the smaller posterior insula in which more than a dozen field areas have been identified. The insulae play a role in diverse functions usually linked to emotion or the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions include perception, motor control, self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal experience. In relation to these it is involved in psychopathology [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_cortex]. | insular cortex |
| internal ear | The inner ear is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts: (1) The cochlea, dedicating to hearing; converting sound pressure impulses from the outer ear into electrical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve. (2) The vestibular system, dedicated to balance [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_ear]. | inner ear |
| blastocyst inner cell mass | In early embryogenesis of most eutherian mammals, the inner cell mass (abbreviated ICM and also known as the embryoblast or pluriblast, the latter term being applicable to all mammals) is the mass of cells inside the primordial embryo that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus. This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred. The ICM lies within the blastocoele (more correctly termed "blastocyst cavity," as it is not strictly homologous to the blastocoele of anamniote vertebrates) and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_cell_mass]. | inner cell mass |
| inferior salivatory nuclei | In the brain, the inferior salivatory nucleus is a cluster of neurons controlling the parasympathetic input to the parotid gland. It is one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_salivatory_nucleus]. | inferior salivatory nucleus |
| inferior olivary nuclei | The inferior olivary nucleus is the largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_olivary_nucleus]. | inferior olivary nucleus |
| nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve | The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus, and it extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial to the vagal trigone) protruding slightly into the fourth ventricle. In the closed medulla, the gracile and cuneate nuclei lie posteriorly, which means the nucleus is not as close to the back of the medulla as in the open medulla. It is, however, still close to the midline [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglossal_nucleus]. | Hypoglossal nucleus |
| glomerus | In the kidney, a tubular structure called the nephron filters blood to form urine. At the beginning of the nephron, the glomerulus is a network (tuft) of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering blood. [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus]. | glomerulus |
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