| tubule | A tubule is a very small tube or fistular structure. A system of surface-connected membranes in muscle that enables a nerve impulse to travel to the interior of the muscle fibre. In anatomy, a tubule is a minute tube lined with glandular epithelium [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubule]. | — |
| leukocyte | Any of the blood cells that are colorless, lack hemoglobin, contain a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils [Brenda]. | — |
| lymph node | Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph [Brenda]. | — |
| artery | Any of the tubular branching muscular- and elastic-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body [Brenda]. | — |
| vein | Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart [Brenda]. | — |
| B cell | B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response (as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response, which is governed by T cells). The principal functions of B cells are to make antibodies against antigens, perform the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction. B cells are an essential component of the adaptive immune system [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_cell]. | — |
| plasma | Blood plasma is the straw-colored liquid component of blood in which the blood cells in whole blood are normally suspended. It makes up about 55% of the total blood volume. It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside of cells). It is mostly water (93% by volume) and contains dissolved proteins, glucose, clotting factors, mineral ions, hormones and carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation). Plasma also serves as the protein reserve of the human body. It plays a vital role in intravascular osmotic effect that keeps electrolyte in balance form and protects the body from infection and other blood disorders [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma]. | — |
| collagen | Collagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. Collagen, in the form of elongated fibrils, is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendon, ligament and skin, and is also abundant in cornea, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, the gut, and intervertebral disc. The fibroblast is the most common cell which creates collagen [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen]. | — |
| stromal cell | Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere [Brenda]. | — |
| adipose tissue | Connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells distended by droplets of fat [Brenda]. | — |
| adrenal gland | Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine [Brenda]. | — |
| bronchus | Either of the two primary divisions of the trachea that lead respectively into the right and the left lung [Brenda]. | — |
| elastin | Elastin is a protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting. Elastin helps skin to return to its original position when it is poked or pinched. Elastin is also an important load-bearing tissue in the bodies of vertebrates and used in places where mechanical energy is required to be stored. In humans, elastin is encoded by the ELN gene [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin]. | — |
| head and neck | Head and neck anatomy focuses on the structures of the head and neck of the human body, including the brain, bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, glands, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, and throat. It is an area frequently studied in depth by surgeons, dentists, dental technicians, and speech language pathologists [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_anatomy]. | — |
| perineum | In human anatomy, the perineum (Late Latin, from Greek ÏεÏÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¿Ï - perineos) is a region of the body including the perineal body and surrounding structures. There is some variability in how the boundaries are defined, but the term generally includes the genitals and anus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineum]. | — |
| appendages | In invertebrate biology, an appendage (or outgrowth) is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body (in verterbrate biology, an example would be a vertebrate's limbs). It is a general term that covers any of the homologous body parts that may extend from a body segment. These include antennae, mouthparts (including mandibles, maxillae and maxillipeds), wings, elytra, gills, walking legs (pereiopods), swimming legs (pleopods), sexual organs (gonopods), and parts of the tail (uropods). Typically, each body segment carries one pair of appendages [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendage]. | — |
| pituitary gland | In vertebrate anatomy the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 g (0.02 oz.) in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae). The pituitary is functionally connected to the hypothalamus by the median eminence via a small tube called the infundibular stem (Pituitary stalk). The pituitary fossa, in which the pituitary gland sits, is situated in the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa at the base of the brain. The pituitary gland secretes nine hormones that regulate homeostasis [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland]. | — |
| reproductive system | In women, the organs that are directly involved in producing eggs and in conceiving and carrying babies. In men, the organs directly involved in creating, storing, and delivering sperm to fertilize an egg [Brenda]. | — |
| memory B cell | Memory B cells are a B cell sub-type that are formed following primary infection [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_B_cell]. | — |
| lung | One of the usually paired compound saccular thoracic organs that constitute the basic respiratory organ of air-breathing vertebrates [Brenda]. | — |
| mesentery | One or more vertebrate membranes that consist of a double fold of the peritoneum and invest the intestines and their appendages and connect them with the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity [Brenda]. | — |
| T regulatory cell | Regulatory T cells (Treg), sometimes known as suppressor T cells, are a subpopulation of T cells which downregulates the immune system, maintains tolerance to self-antigens, and downregulates autoimmune disease. Mouse models have suggested that modulation of Tregs can treat autoimmune disease and cancer, and facilitate organ transplantation [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_T_cell]. | — |
| macrophage | Relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues, derived from blood monocyte. Macrophages from different sites have distinctly different properties. Main types are peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, tissue macrophages (histiocytes), Kuppfer cells of the liver, and osteoclasts. In response to foreign materials may become stimulated or activated. Macrophages play an important role in killing of some bacteria, protozoa, and tumour cells, release substances that stimulate other cells of the immune system, and are involved in antigen presentation. May further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to epithelioid cells or may fuse to form foreign body giant cells or Langhans' giant cells [Brenda]. | — |
| sinus | Sinus is a sack or cavity in any organ or tissue, or an abnormal cavity or passage caused by the destruction of tissue. In common usage, "sinus" usually refers to the paranasal sinuses, which are air cavities in the cranial bones, especially those near the nose and connecting to it. Each individual has four paired cavities located in the cranial bone or skull. These cavities are vital for a number of reasons [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_(anatomy)]. | — |
| T cell | T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus, and thus, can also be called thymocytes. There are several subsets of T cells, each with a distinct function [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell]. | — |
Comment on This Data Unit