Factors

We need to know every factor which determines lifespan.

Lifespan factors often but not always originate from defined genetic elements. They are not just genes, by definition they can be anything for which a Classifications schema can be build for that is related to the regulation of lifespan, such entities may include Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, transcript variants, proteins and their complexes, compounds (i.e. small molecules like metabolites and drugs), etc. A factor should be based on a defined molecular entity or genomic position and been classified. It shall be highly flexible and scalable Concept.

While individual lifespan factors within each species or precise defined molecular entities will be captured within the Lifespan App, Data Entries of the Data App may summarize for instance the relevance of each factor class (e.g. homologous group; chemical derivate of related structure and properties, etc.) as well as draw overall conclusions. o

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  • Types: + -
    Gene (2)  
  • symbol name observation species
    VPH2 Vacuolar pH 2 Overexpression of VPH2 increases the levels of assembled V-ATPase at the vacuolar membrane, increases vacuolar acidity and suppresses age-induced mitochondrial dysfunction of aged cells (17 or 18 cell divisions) which requires the V-ATPase activity. VPH2 overexpression significantly increases mean, median and maximum replicative lifespan by 23, 25 and 34%, respectively [23172144]. Budding yeast
    AVT1 Amino acid Vacuolar Transport 1 Overexpressing or deleting AVT1 is sufficient to extend or shorten replicative lifespan, respectively [23172144]. Overexpression of AVT1 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction, prevents alterations in mitochondrial structure and ΔΨ of aged cells even through the vacuolar acidity is reduced in these cells. AVT1 overexpression extends the mean, median and maximum replicative lifespan by 28, 28, and 22%, respectively [23172144]. Deletion of AVT1 accelerates the development of age-induced mitochondrial dysfunction without effecting the kinetics of vacuolar acidity decline and prevents the suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction by VMA1 and VPH2 overexpression without affecting vacuolar acidity. AVT1 deletion decreases mean, median and maximum replicative lifespan by 21, 22, and 12%, respectively [23172144]. Budding yeast
    VMA1 Vacuolar Membrane Atpase 1 Overexpression of VMA1 increases vacuolar acidity and suppresses age-induced mitochondrial dysfunction of aged cells (17 or 18 cell divisions) which requires the V-ATPase activity. VMA1 overexpression significantly increases mean, median and maximum lifespan by 39 - 45%, 39 - 48% and 50 - 60%, respectively. DR (0.5% glucose restriction) does not further increase the lifespan of VMA1 overexpression strain [23172144]. Budding yeast
    HAC1 Homologous to Atf/Creb1 1 Deletion of HAC1 decreases mean, median and maximum replicative lifespan by 10, 8 and 5%, respectively [23167605]. Budding yeast
    OSH2 OxySterol binding protein Homolog 2 Deletion of OSH2 decreases mean chronological lifespan [20657825]. Budding yeast
    VAC14 VACuole morphology and inheritance mutant 14 VAC14 mutants have a single vacuole and shortened lifespan on normal media [16293764]. Budding yeast
    OSH3 OxySterol binding protein Homolog 3 Mean replicative lifespan of OSH3 deletion mutant is not significant different from wild type. Overexpression of OSH3 with the promoter of VAC8 shortens mean replicative lifespan ad promotes vacuolar fusion [Xia et al. unpublished]. Budding yeast
    PEP4 carboxyPEPtidase Y-deficient 4 Overexpression of vacuolar aspartyl protease (PEP4) extends chronological lifespan by increasing cytosolic polyamine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels. Deletion of PEP4 results in both apoptotic and necrotic cell death during chronological aging [21593793]. PEP4 is not DR-essential [18690010]. Budding yeast
    UGA4 Utilization of GAba 4 Deletion of UGA4 does not effect replicative lifespan [21371425]. Budding yeast
    MXR2 peptide Methionine sulfoXide Reductase 2 Deletion or overexpression of MXR2 (alias MsrB) has no effect on replicative lifespan under normal growth conditions. Simulatonous deletion of MXR2 together with MXR1 dramatically reduces replicative lifespan by 63%. Overexpression of MXR2 under DR conditions extends replicative lifespan by 120% [15141092]. Budding yeast
    TEC1 Transposon Enhancement Control 1 Tec1 is a positive regulator of chronological lifespan. Absence of TEC1 causes a significant shortened chronological lifespan, but does not block chronological lifespan extension by rapamycin. TEC(AxY) mutation also reduces chronological lifespan, although not so pronounced as strains lacking TEC1. Rapamycin-induced chronological lifespan extension is almost completely blocked by TEC(AxY) allele [21840851]. Budding yeast
    SIT4 Suppressor of Initiation of Transcription 4 SIT4 deletion slightly increases chronological lifespan and totally abolishes the lifespan shortening due to ISC1 deletion [21707788]. Budding yeast
    CTA1 CaTalase A 1 CTA1 overexpression partially suppresses the shortened chronological lifespan by ISC1 mutation [21707788]. Budding yeast
    ATH1 Acid TreHalase Deletion of ATH1 extend the mean chronological lifespan by 17% (at 30 degree Celsus in BY4742) [22783207]. ATH1 mutants have higher trehalose levels until the end of the post-diauxic growth phase, but reaches a plateau at the level of 50-70% of wild-type in the stationary phase [22783207]. Budding yeast
    TPS3 Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase 3 Deletion of TPS3 extend the mean chronological lifespan by 39% (at 30 degree Celsus in BY4742) [22783207]. TPS3 mutants have higher trehalose levels until the end of the post-diauxic growth phase, but reaches a plateau at the level of 50-70% of wild-type in the stationary phase [22783207]. Budding yeast
    TSL1 Trehalose Synthase Long chain 1 Deletion of TSL1 extends the mean chronological lifespan by 43% (at 30 degree Celsus in BY4742) [22783207]. Mutant TSL1 cells have reduced oxidative carbonylation of cellular proteins throughout lifespan. TSL1 mutants have higher trehalose levels, but reaches a plateau at the level of 50-70% of wild-type in the stationary phase. TSL1 deletion cells have no altered ROS levels in pre-quiescent cells [22783207]. Budding yeast
    NTH2 Neutral TreHalase 2 Deletion of NTH2 shortens mean chronological lifespan by 39% (at 30 degree Celsus in BY4742) [22783207]. NTH2 mutant cells have elevated trehalose concentration before they enter the non-proliferative stationary growth phase which remained high during the stationary phase. NTH2 deletion cells have no altered ROS levels in pre-quiescent cells [22783207]. Budding yeast
    TPS1 Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase 1 Deletion of TPS1 decreases intracellular trehalose concentration and shortens the mean chronological lifespan by 74% (at 30 degree Celsus in BY4742) [22783207]. Budding yeast
    ESA1 esa1-531 mutant has an even shorter chronological lifespan than PKA1 deletion mutant in both 2% glucose (ad libitum) and water (extreme DR) at 30 degree Celsius, a semipermissive temperature. At the permissive temperature (25 degree Celsius) there is little difference [19303850]. Budding yeast
    ACH1 Acetyl CoA Hydrolase 1 ACH1 deletion cells accumulate a high amount of extracellular acetic acid and display a reduced mean and maximum chronological lifespan. Maximum lifespan is reduced by 32%. Lifespan shortening is completely abrogated by alleviating the acid stress either by a DR regimen that prevents acetic acid production or by transferring chronologically aging mutant cells to water. Deletion of ACH1 is accompanied by reactive oxygen species accumulation, severe mitochondrial damage, and an early insurgence of apoptosis [22754872]. Budding yeast
    NDT80 Non-DiTyrosine 80 Transient overexpression of NDT80 rejuvenates old cells [21700873]. Budding yeast
    IME1 Inducer of MEiosis 1 Transient overexpression of IME1 resets the replicative lifespan of old cells back to that of young cells [21700873]. Budding yeast
    IRC14 Deletion of IRC14 increases mean replicative lifespan by 14-22% [16293764]. IRC14 is a dubious ORF overlapping IDH2. Budding yeast
    TPS2 Trehalose-6-phosphate PhoSphatase 2 Deletion of TPS2 has no effect on replicative lifespan and does not prevent lifespan extension by high osmolarity [12391171]. TPS2 is required for trehalose biosynthesis in response to osmotic stress [8444170]. Budding yeast
    SWI4 SWItching deficient 4 Deletion of SWI4 shortens replicative lifespan by approximately 90% [11805047]. SSD1-V partially suppresses the short lifespan of a swi4 mutant. Mutation of swi4 results in slow growth and temperature sensitivity, both of which are suppressed by SSD1-V [11805047]. Budding yeast
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    • 25 of 605 factors
    Factors are an extension of GenAge and GenDR.

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