| ACE | angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1 | The I/D polymorphism in ACE was a examined in centenarians (n = 338) and in adults aged 20-70 years. A variant of ACE which predisposes the coronary heat disease was more frequently in centenarians with a significant increase of the homozygous genotype [8136829].
I/D polymorphism was examined in 182 women and 100 men aged >84 years and in 100 boys and 100 girls younger than 17 years. The I/I polymorphism was depleted in the elderly males but not in the elderly females. Furthermore, significant differences were observed between ACE genotypes in elderly men and elderly women [9105559].
I/D polymorphism was examined in 394 French centenarians (13% men and 87% women) and controls (238) from 20 to 70 years of age (140 men and 98 women). Both the ACE D allele and ACE D/D genotype were more frequent in centenarians in comparison with controls, without sex-related differences nor significant correlation with a cardiovascular pathology [9761238].
I/D polymorphism was examined in 424 subjects comprising 227 Uighur individuals, 108 Kazakh individuals, and 89 Han individuals. All subjects in the latter two groups ranged in age from 65 to 70 years, whereas the Uighur subjects comprised two different age groups: those ranging in age from 59 to 70 years and those ranging in age from 90 to 113 years. Within the Uighur group, frequency of the D allele was significantly higher in the group aged >90 than in the group aged <70. The overall distributions of alleles in the three groups did not differ significantly [11773214].
Alleles of ACE was found to be associated with longevity [12547486; 22456784].ACE was found to be associated with longevity [11773214]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [16960022]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [19502260]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [12634288]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [23389097]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [12547486]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [22456784]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [14528043]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [8136829]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [21614448]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [21330423]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [19502260]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [9105559]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [9761238]. ACE was not found to be associated with longevity [11280044]. ACE was not found to be associated with longevity [14528043]. ACE was not found to be associated with longevity [21330423]. ACE was not found to be associated with longevity [9761238]. ACE was found to be associated with longevity [23623925]. | Human |
| AGT | angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) | M/T235 SNP in the AGT gene was examined in 187 centenarians (47 males and 140 females) and 201 controls (20-64 years) and a significant influences on survival in males were observed, with reduced hazards of death for carriers of the M235 allele [11602206].AGT was found to be associated with longevity [15621215]. AGT was found to be associated with longevity [11602206]. AGT was not found to be associated with longevity [15621215]. | Human |
| APOA4 | apolipoprotein A-IV | Two restriction polymorphisms, HinfI347 (Thr347/Ser) and Fnu4HI360 (Gln360/His), and a VNTR (alleles 3, 4) at the 3 region of the APOA4 gene were examined in 71 centenarians (18 men and 53 women, 100-107 years of age, mean 102.3 years) and 100 unrelated adults (21 men and 79 women, 19-59 years of age, mean 35.7 years). The Hinf347 genotype distribution was significantly different in centenarians [9622284].APOA4 was found to be associated with longevity [9533408]. APOA4 was found to be associated with longevity [9622284]. APOA4 was not found to be associated with longevity [9622284]. APOA4 was not found to be associated with longevity [12556235]. | Human |
| APOB | apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen) | A sample of 143 centenarians and a control sample of 158 individuals were examined for polymorphism in APOB restriction fragment length (RFLP) (XbaI2488 and EcoRI4154) and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) (3'APOB-VNTR) polymorphisms. Neither the XbaI-RFLP nor the EcoRI-RFLP was able to discriminate between centenarians and controls, while the 3'APOB-VNTR multiallelic system revealed significant differences between the samples: the frequency of alleles with fewer than 35 repeats was lower in centenarians than in controls [9050915].apoB was found to be associated with longevity [17393087].APOB was found to be associated with longevity [15028112]. APOB was found to be associated with longevity [17393087]. APOB was not found to be associated with longevity [17393087]. APOB was found to be associated with longevity [9050915]. APOB was not found to be associated with longevity [11592926]. APOB was not found to be associated with longevity [8018664]. APOB was not found to be associated with longevity [9050915]. | Human |
| APOE | apolipoprotein E | In humans APOE is located on chromosome 19. There are three common allelic variants of APOE (ε2 to ε4).
The resulting proteins are referred to as ApoE2, ApoE3 and ApoE4.
The respective proteins differ only in single amino acid, but have a dramatic influence on the life of affected humans.
The frequency of the epsilon 2 allele of ApoE is significantly increased in centenarians relative the overall control population, while the epsilon 4 allele is significantly decreased in centenarians [8136829]. Among individuals 85 years or older how had good cognition, the mortality of those that had the 2/3 genotype was half that in those who carried the epsilon 3/3 genotype and the mortality in subjects with the epsilon 3/4 genotype is twice that of those who carry the epsilon 3/3 genotype. This 4-fold variation results in 2-year difference in survival [8624216].
The epsilon 4 allele is also associated with higher cholesterol levels and cardiovascolar disease [10818513; 8624216] as well as risk factor for cognitive impariment under age 85 [8624216]. However the APOE polymorphism is not a risk factor for cognitive impairment in individuals older than 85 years [8624216].
The Polymorphism (E2, E3, and E4) was examined in a sample of 228 healthy Italian subjects (124 men and 104 women) aged 18-93, with the result that the frequency of E4 decreased with age and was not found in subjects aged 75 and older [8541369].
By Examining the common polymorphism was in 182 women and 100 men aged > 84 years and in 100 boys and 100 girls younger than 17 years (English, Cambridge) a difference between genotypes in the elderly women and the young sample was observed. However, this did not retain significance when the genotype frequencies of the young sample were adjusted to values expected from the allele frequencies on the basis of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and compared to observed genotypes in elderly men and women [9105559].
In a Braxiallian population the common polymorphism was examined in 70 elderly patients aged 80 years or more. No association was observed between the genotypes and longevity, though individuals with the E3E4 genotype had a mean age greater than those with the E3E3 genotype [12185856].
In a Korean population the common polymorphism examination of 103 centenarians (13 men and 90 women, mean age 102.4 +/- 2.6 years) and 6435 adults (5008 men and 1427 women) of mean age 50.7 +/- 7.9 years found that the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of the centenarians were not significantly different from those of the control groups. The frequency of the E4 allele was significantly higher in centenarians with dementia than in centenarians without definitive dementia [12634288].
Examination of the common polymorphism in 224 older (75 years) Jewish Jerusalem residents of Ashkenazi ethnicity (150 males and 74 females) and a group of 441 younger subjects (22 years) revealed that the Ashkenazi older subjects were characterized by an increased percentage of the E2 allele and a decreased percentage of the E4 allele [15621215].
A study of APOE polymorphisms in a samples of 538 Colombian subjects (aged 18-106 years) did not find any differences between young and old subjects [16971231].
APOE correlated highly with longevity in a plethora of genetic signatures and has been associated with Alzheimer's disease [22279548].
ε3 and *ε4 are much more efficient binding lipoprotein receptors [11882522].
The various APOE isoforms interact differently with specific lipoprotein receptors, ultimately altering circulating levels of cholesterol. APOE from VLDL, chylomirons and chylomicron remnants binds to specific receptor cells in the liver. Carriers of the *ε2 allele are less efficient at making and transferring VLDLs and chylomicrons from the blood plasma to the liver because of its binding properties. By contrast, carriers of the ε3 are much more efficient in these processes. While APOE4 and APOE3 bind with approximately equal affinity to lipoprotein receptors, APOE2 binds with less than 2% of this strength [7628082]. Thus, compared with carriers of the *ε3 or *ε4 allele, carriers of the *ε2 allele are slower to clear dietary fat from their blood [3479440]. The difference lipoprotein particles results in differences in regulating hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors which in turn contribute to genotypic differences in total and LDL cholesterol levels [1998654; 3277611; 8696954; 8018666; 1867194; 3698268].
While APOE was not found to be associated with longevity in some studies [16799145; 21703254], APOE was found to be associated with longevity in many others [11780357; 11213279; 16487435; [23286790; 15621215; 8018664; 21418511; 8136829; 9792194; 22445811; 12185856; 10069711; 21703254; 17934638; 17234815; 11788960; 17934638; 10643896; 11280044; 14615589; 23040522; 18034366]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [22445811]. APOE was not found to be associated with longevity [24924924]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [24924924]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [24688116]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [24534555]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [24244950]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [24126160]. | Human |
| ABCA1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1 | The R219K SNP was examined in 256 centenarians and 190 healthy younger controls. The allelic frequency were not different between the two groups [12601526]. | Human |
| CETP | cholesteryl ester transfer protein, plasma | Homozygousity for the I405V variant of CETP is associated with exceptional longevity and larger HDL and LDL particle sizes as well as lower prevalence of hypertension, cardivascular disease, and metabolic disease among Askenazi Jews [14559957]. CETP I405V homozygousity is associated with exceptional longevity and preservation of cognitive function in Askenazi Jews [17190939].
V/V homozygotes tend to have a 9-23% CETP deficiency [9610775; 15243211]. A decrease in CETP function increases HDL (high density lipoproteins) levels in the body, and decreases LDL (low-density lipoprotein). The result of this s that HDL-c levels are approximately equal in individuals with the I/I or I/V genotypes, while there are ten percent higher in V/V individuals [9610775].
Therefore the V/V SNP acts kind like an endogenous *CEPT inhibitor*, which might be the responsible for the increase in longevity but may also have side effects.CETP was found to be associated with longevity [22336474].CETP was found to be associated with longevity [15621216].CETP was found to be associated with longevity [15888337]. CETP was found to be associated with longevity [22234866]. CETP was found to be associated with longevity [22336474]. CETP was found to be associated with longevity [23389097]. CETP was found to be associated with longevity [23389097]. CETP was found to be associated with longevity [15621216]. CETP was found to be associated with longevity [15888337]. CETP was not found to be associated with longevity [23389097]. CETP was found to be associated with longevity [14559957]. CETP was found to be associated with longevity [16602826]. CETP was found to be associated with longevity [23162014]. CETP was not found to be associated with longevity [14559957]. CETP was found to be associated with longevity [18034366]. CETP was not found to be associated with longevity [24468472]. | Human |
| C3 | complement component 3 | Genetic variations in C3 are not associated with longevity in Italian [10219002]. | Human |
| C4A | complement component 4A (Rodgers blood group) | Genetic variations in C4A are not associated with longevity in Italian [10219002]. | Human |
| C4B | complement component 4B (Chido blood group) | Genetic variations in C4B are not associated with longevity in Italian [10219002]. | Human |
| CFB | complement factor B | Genetic variations in CFB are not associated with longevity in Italian [10219002]. | Human |
| FOXO1 | forkhead box O1 | In men FOXO1A gene polymorphism (rs4943794) is possible associated with aging [22661237].FOXO1 was found to be associated with longevity [19793722]. FOXO1 was found to be associated with longevity [19793722; 19793722; 21388494]. FOXO1 was not found to be associated with longevity [18765803; 12843179]. | Human |
| GSTT1 | glutathione S-transferase theta 1 | Deletion in the GSTT1 was examined in 94 nonagenarians and centenarians and 418 control subjects of younger age. A significant difference in the proportion of nonagenarians and centenarians homozygotes for the deletion was observed in comparison to control subjects [11162685].GSTT1 was found to be associated with longevity [11162685]. GSTT1 was found to be associated with longevity [16574194]. GSTT1 was not found to be associated with longevity [11162685]. GSTT1 was not found to be associated with longevity [15195682]. | Human |
| GHR | growth hormone receptor | Individuals with low GH/IGF-I signaling due to a defect in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) are protected against cancer. Among the human individuals with a defect in GHR no cancer deaths were observed. GHR deficiency does not appear to extend lifespan because it is associated with increased risk of heart disease [21325617]. Variants in GHR were found to be associated with longevity [19489743]. | Human |
| GHRHR | growth hormone releasing hormone receptor | GHRHR was found to be associated with longevity [22406557]. GHRHR was not found to be associated with longevity [19489743]. | Human |
| HFE | hemochromatosis | C282Y, H63D and S65C polymorphisms in the HFE gene were studied in 106 young controls (age range from 22 to 55 years; 40 men and 66 women) and 35 elderly subjects (age range from 91 to 105 years; seven men and 28 women). A significant difference was observed only in women in frequencies of C282Y alleles between the young and the elderly subjects. Concerning H63D polymorphisms, no significant differences were observed, between old and young people [11857056].HFE was found to be associated with longevity [11857056]. HFE was found to be associated with longevity [11857056]. HFE was found to be associated with longevity [11857056]. HFE was found to be associated with longevity [11857056]. HFE was found to be associated with longevity [11857056]. HFE was found to be associated with longevity [12714263]. HFE was not found to be associated with longevity [11857056]. HFE was not found to be associated with longevity [12714263]. | Human |
| INS | insulin | Expression of human insulin under an inducible heat shock promoter increases nematode lifespan by 25% and is also able to enhance the lifespan of daf-2 mutants [11274053]. INS was found to be associated with longevity [22406557; 19367319; 17989723; 19489743]. | Human |
| INSR | insulin receptor | 5 intronic and 1 exonic polymorphisms in the INSR gene were examined in 122 semisupercentenarians (older than 105, 107 female, 15 male, mean age 106.8 years) and 122 healthy younger controls (105 female, 17 male, mean age 33.33). One haplotype, which was comprised of 2 intronic SNPs in linkage disequilibrium, was more frequent in semisupercentenarians than in younger controls [15582274].INSR was found to be associated with longevity [15582274]. INSR was not found to be associated with longevity [15582274]. INSR was not found to be associated with longevity [19489743]. | Human |
| IGF2 | insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A) | A/G ApaI site SNP in the IGF2 gene was examined in 224 older (75 years) Jewish Jerusalem residents of Ashkenazi ethnicity (150 males and 74 females) and a group of 441 younger subjects (22 years). An increase in the A allele was observed in older Ashkenazi females and a highly significant increase was observed in the AA genotype in these subjects [15621215].IGF2 was found to be associated with longevity [19367319]. IGF2 was not found to be associated with longevity [19367319]. IGF2 was found to be associated with longevity [17989723]. IGF2 was found to be associated with longevity [15621215]. | Human |
| IFNG | interferon, gamma | The distribution of 874T/A polymorphism in the IFNG gene was examined in 174 Italian centenarians (>99 years old, 142 women and 32 men) and 248 <60-year-old control subjects (90 women and 158 men). The +874T allele, known to be associated with low IFN-gamma production, was found less frequently in centenarian women than in centenarian men or in control women whereas no significant differences were observed in the distribution of the two alleles between male or female controls. Allele frequencies in centenarian men were not found significantly different from male controls [11772518].IFNG was found to be associated with longevity [21299522]. IFNG was not found to be associated with longevity [11772518]. IFNG was found to be associated with longevity [11772518]. | Human |
| IL10 | interleukin 10 | The -1082G/A, -819C/T and -592C/A proximal promoter SNPs of the IL10 gene were examined in 190 centenarians (>99 years old, 159 women and 31 men) and in 260 control subjects (99 women and 161 men less than 60 years old). The -1082G homozygous genotype, associated with high IL-10 production, was increased in centenarian men but not in centenarian women. No difference was found between centenarians and control subjects regarding the other two SNPs [11857058].IL10 was found to be associated with longevity [20518833]. IL10 was found to be associated with longevity [12676903]. IL10 was found to be associated with longevity [12676903]. IL10 was found to be associated with longevity [11640949]. IL10 was found to be associated with longevity [21299522]. IL10 was found to be associated with longevity [21299522]. IL10 was found to be associated with longevity [11857058]. IL10 was found to be associated with longevity [15466015]. IL10 was not found to be associated with longevity [11640949]. | Human |
| KL | klotho | The KL-VS allele of the klotho gene is more common in infants than in elderly individuals. Individuals homozygous for KL-VS have a 2.6-fold greater chance of dying by age 65 than individuals that are homozyogous that are homozyogous for the wild-type klotho allele [11792841]. KL was found to be associated with longevity [17903295; 22406557; 15677572]. KL was not found to be associated with longevity [18034366]. KL was found to be associated with longevity [24164579]. | Human |
| HLA-DQA1 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1 | olymorphisms in HLA class II alleles of Okinawan centenarians were analyzed. DQA10101=0104 and DQA105 alleles were significantly increased in the centenarians [9389323].HLA-DQA1 was found to be associated with longevity [9389323]. HLA-DQA1 was found to be associated with longevity [9389323]. HLA-DQA1 was not found to be associated with longevity [17714903]. | Human |
| HLA-DQB1 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1 | Polymorphisms in HLA class II alleles of Okinawan centenarians were analyzed. DQB105 and DQB103 alleles were significantly increased in the centenarians [9389323].HLA-DQB1 was found to be associated with longevity [9389323]. HLA-DQB1 was not found to be associated with longevity [17714903]. | Human |
| HLA-DRB1 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1 | Polymorphisms in the HLA-DRB1 gene in Okinawan centenarians were analyzed. DRB1*1401 allele was significantly increased in the centenarians while DRB1*0101 and DRB1*1201 alleles were slightly decreased [9389323].HLA-DRB1 was found to be associated with longevity [9425225].HLA-DRB1 was found to be associated with longevity [9425225]. HLA-DRB1 was found to be associated with longevity [9425225]. HLA-DRB1 was found to be associated with longevity [9425225]. HLA-DRB1 was found to be associated with longevity [9389323]. HLA-DRB1 was found to be associated with longevity [12581796]. HLA-DRB1 was found to be associated with longevity [12581796]. HLA-DRB1 was found to be associated with longevity [20426625]. HLA-DRB1 was not found to be associated with longevity [16269080]. | Human |
