Factors

We need to know every factor which determines lifespan.

Lifespan factors often but not always originate from defined genetic elements. They are not just genes, by definition they can be anything for which a Classifications schema can be build for that is related to the regulation of lifespan, such entities may include Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, transcript variants, proteins and their complexes, compounds (i.e. small molecules like metabolites and drugs), etc. A factor should be based on a defined molecular entity or genomic position and been classified. It shall be highly flexible and scalable Concept.

While individual lifespan factors within each species or precise defined molecular entities will be captured within the Lifespan App, Data Entries of the Data App may summarize for instance the relevance of each factor class (e.g. homologous group; chemical derivate of related structure and properties, etc.) as well as draw overall conclusions. o

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  • Types: + -
  • symbol name observation species
    FET3 FErrous Transport 3 FET3 mutation slightly shortens chronological lifespan under AL. Its chronological lifespan is not extended by 0.5% glucose or amino-acid DR [20421943]. FET3 is one of several iron related genes that are up-regulated in response to increasing strength of glucose DR [18679056]. Budding yeast
    HES1 Homologous to kES1 1 Deletion of HES1 (alias OSH5) extends replicative lifespan and is non-additive with moderate DR. Elevation of OSH5 levels by an ERG6 promoter reduces mean, median and maximum replicative lifespan by 25, 18 and 29%. HES1 is required for the longevity effect of DR, Perg6-OSH6, Perg6-ERG2 and Perg6-OSH7 (genetic mimetics of DR). Hes1 is upregulated in response to sterol down-regulation including DR. Deletion of OSH5 delays different steps of endocytosis, a sterol-requireing process [Xia et al., unpublished]. Perg6-OSH6 osh5 double mutant have a lifespan significantly shorter than that of Perg6-OSH6 [Xia et al. upublished]. Budding yeast
    PNC1 Pyrazinamidase/NiCotinamidase 1 Cells with 5 copies of PNC1 have a 70% longer replicative lifespan which is cancelled out by SIR2 deletion. PNC1 is upregulated under glucose DR [12736687]. Pnc1 reduces cellular nicotinamide levels, a product and noncompetitive inhibitor of Sir2 deacetylation reaction. Overexpression of PNC1 suppresses the effect of exogenously added nicotinamide on Sir2-dependent silencing at HM loci, telomeres and rDNA loci [12736687; 14729974]. Pnc1 catalyses the breakdown of nicotinamide to nicotinate and ammonia [12736687]. Deletion of PNC1 shortens replicative lifespan approximately by 10% [12736687] and largely prevents replicative lifespan extension of 0.5% glucose restriction. 0.5% glucose restriction slightly extends median replicative lifespan (by 10 - 15%) but not maximum replicative lifespan in pnc1Delta [14724176]. PNC1 overexpression suppresses the inhibitory effect of exogenously added NAM on silencing, lifespan, and Hst1-mediated transcriptional repression [14729974]. Increased expression of PNC1 is both necessary and sufficient for replicative lifespan extension by DR and low-intensity stress. Under non-stressing conditions (2% glucose, 30 degree Celsius), a strain with additional copies of PNC1 (5XPNC1) has 70% longer replicative lifespan than the wild-type and some cells live for more than 70 divisions. Neither DR nor heat stress further increase the lifespan of the 5XPNC1 strain [12736687]. PNC1 deletion decreases chronological lifespan [17110466]. Budding yeast
    • 3 factors
    Factors are an extension of GenAge and GenDR.

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