| abducent nucleus | The abducens nucleus is the originating nucleus from which the abducens nerve (VI) emerges - a cranial nerve nucleus. This nucleus is located beneath the fourth ventricle in the caudal portion of the pons, medial to the sulcus limitans [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abducens_nucleus]. | — |
| accessory cuneate nucleus | The accessory cuneate nucleus is located lateral to the cuneate nucleus in the medulla oblongata at the level of the sensory decussation (the crossing fibers of the posterior column/medial lemniscus tract). It receives input from cervical spinal nerves and transmits that information to the cerebellum. These fibers are called cuneocerebellar (cuneate nucleus -> cerebellum) fibers. In this function, the accessory cuneate nucleus is comparable to the upper extremity portion of the posterior spinocerebellar tract [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessory_cuneate_nucleus]. | — |
| amygdala | The one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that is part of the limbic system and consists of an almond-shaped mass of gray matter in the anterior extremity of the temporal lobe [Brenda]. | — |
| anterior dorsal thalamic nucleus | The anterior nuclei of thalamus (or anterior nuclear group) are a collection of nuclei at the rostral end of the dorsal thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_nuclei_of_thalamus]. | anterior nuclei of thalamus; anterior nuclear group |
| anterior lobe of the cerebellum | The anterior lobe of cerebellum is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception. In alcoholics, it can deteriorate. It is sometimes equated to the "paleocerebellum" [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_lobe_of_cerebellum]. | paleocerebellum |
| anterior medial thalamic nucleus | The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. It is believed to play a role in memory [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_dorsal_nucleus]. | medial dorsal nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus |
| anterior nucleus | The anterior hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. Its function is thermoregulation (the maintenance of body temperature between certain parameters) of the body. The anterior hypothalamus plays a role in regulating sleep. The anterior hypothalamic region is sometimes grouped with the preoptic area [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleus]. | anterior hypothalamic nucleus |
| anterior olfactory nucleus | A portion of the forebrain of vertebrates. It is found behind the olfactory bulb and in front of the piriform cortex (laterally) and olfactory tubercle (medially) in a region often referred to as the olfactory peduncle or retrobulbar area. The peduncle contains the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) as well as two other much smaller regions, the tenia tecta (or dorsal hippocampal rudiment) and the dorsal peduncular cortex [Brenda]. | — |
| anterior thalamic nuclei | The anterior nuclei of thalamus (or anterior nuclear group) are a collection of nuclei at the rostral end of the dorsal thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_nuclei_of_thalamus]. | — |
| anterior ventral thalamic nucleus | The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. The ventral anterior nucleus receives neuronal inputs from the basal ganglia which includes the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus. It also has inputs from the cerebellum. It sends out neuronal input to the supplementary motor cortex and to primary motor cortex. It helps to function in planning movement. It initiates wanted movement and inhibits unwanted movement [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_anterior_nucleus]. | ventral anterior nucleus |
| appendix | The appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal (or caecal) appendix; also vermix) is a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum (or caecum), from which it develops embryologically. The cecum is a pouchlike structure of the colon. The appendix is located near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine. The term "vermiform" comes from Latin and means "worm-shaped". It is widely present in the Euarchontoglires and has also evolved independently in the diprotodont marsupials and is highly diverse in size and shape [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermiform_appendix]. | vermiform appendix; cecal appendix; caecal appendix; vermix |
| arcuate nuclei | The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including: neuroendocrine neurons, centrally-projecting neurons, and others [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleus]. | — |
| caudate nucleus | One of the centrally-located portions of the brain affected by Huntington's Disease. Speech and swallowing problems arise when this region and another region called the putamen are affected [Brenda]. | — |
| central lateral thalamic nucleus | — | central lateral nucleus of thalamus; central lateral thalamic nucleus; nucleus centralis lateralis of thalamus; nucleus centralis lateralis thalami; centrolateral thalamic nucleus |
| centromedian thalamic nucleus | In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a part of the intralaminar nucleus (ILN) of the thalamus. There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally. It contains about 2000 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromedian_nucleus]. | centromedian nucleus; centrum medianum |
| claustrum | The one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula [Brenda]. | — |
| cochlea | A division of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear of higher vertebrates that is usually coiled like a snail shell and is the seat of the hearing organ [Brenda]. | — |
| cochlear nuclei | The cochlear nuclei (CN) are two heterogeneous collections of neurons in the mammalian brainstem that receive input from the cochlear nerve, which carry sound information from the cochleae. The outputs from the CN are to higher regions of the auditory brainstem [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_nuclei]. | — |
| colliculi | Is a small elevation either of the two pairs of rounded eminences in the midbrain concerned with visual and auditory reflexes. The seminal colliculus a prominent portion of the male urethral crest, on which are the opening of the prostatic utricle and, on either side of it, the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts; called also verumontanum [TheFreeDictionary: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/colliculus]. | colliculus |
| corpus striatum | Either of a pair of masses of nervous tissue within the brain that contain two large nuclei of gray matter separated by sheets of white matter [Brenda]. | — |
| crus cerebri | The cerebral crus is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts, the plural of which is cerebral crura [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_crus]. | — |
| dentate nucleus | The dentate nucleus is located within the deep white matter of each cerebellar hemisphere, and it is the largest single structure linking the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. It is the largest and most lateral, or farthest from the midline, of the four pairs of deep cerebellar nuclei, the others being the fastigial and the interposed nuclei (globose and emboliform nuclei combined). The dentate nucleus is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements. The dorsal region of the dentate nucleus contains output channels involved in motor function, which is the movement of skeletal muscle, while the ventral region contains output channels involved in nonmotor function, such as conscious thought and visuospatial function [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentate_nucleus]. | — |
| dorsal vagal nucleus | The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (or posterior motor nucleus of vagus) is a cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve that arises from the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations. The cell bodies for the preganglionic parasympathetic vagal neurons that innervate the heart reside in the nucleus ambiguus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve]. | — |
| dorsomedial nucleus | The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, body-weight regulation and circadian activity [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsomedial_hypothalamic_nucleus]. | — |
| facial nucleus | The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). These lower motor neurons innervate the muscles of facial expression and the stapedius [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_motor_nucleus]. | — |
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