| anterior medial thalamic nucleus | The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. It is believed to play a role in memory [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_dorsal_nucleus]. | medial dorsal nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus |
| anterior ventral thalamic nucleus | The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. The ventral anterior nucleus receives neuronal inputs from the basal ganglia which includes the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus. It also has inputs from the cerebellum. It sends out neuronal input to the supplementary motor cortex and to primary motor cortex. It helps to function in planning movement. It initiates wanted movement and inhibits unwanted movement [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_anterior_nucleus]. | ventral anterior nucleus |
| medial thalamic nuclei | The medial thalamic nucleus is a large nuclear mass within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus [Walker, 1940: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cne.900730107/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+3+Mar+from+10-13+GMT+for+monthly+maintenance]. Central medial thalamic nucleus are cell groups within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus. They include a rostral division comprising the paracentral, central lateral, central dorsal, and central medial nuclei, and a caudal division composed of the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei [MeSH]. | central medial thalamic nucleus; nucleus centralis medialis thalami; central medial thalamic nucleus; central medial nucleus thalamus; central medial nucleus of thalamus; nucleus centralis medialis |
| medial dorsal thalamic nucleus | The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_dorsal_nucleus]. | — |
| parafascicular thalamic nucleus | The parafascicular thalamic nucleus is part of the centromedian complex, located in the caudal region of the intralaminar thalamus. This thalamic region has been traditionally proposed to support pain processing or arousal [Brown et al., 2010: http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/43/14390.full]. | — |
| submedial thalamic nucleus | Thalamic nucleus separated from the ventromedial part of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thanalmus by the internal medullary lamina (Paxinos The rat nervous system 2nd ed, Academic Press, 1995) [NeuroLex: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Submedial_nucleus]. | submedial nucleus thalamus; submedial nucleus of thalamus; nucleus submedius thalami; gelatinosus thalamic nucleus; submedial thalamic nucleus |
| paracentral thalamic nucleus | Cell groups within the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus. They include a rostral division comprising the paracentral, central lateral, central dorsal, and central medial nuclei, and a caudal division composed of the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei. | paracentral nucleus thalamus; paracentral thalamic nucleus; nucleus paracentral thalami; paracentral nucleus of thalamus; nucleus paracentral; nucleus centralis lateralis superiorcentral dorsal nucleus; central dorsal thalamic nucleus; central lateral nucleus; central lateral thalamic nucleuscentral medial nucleuscentral medial thalamic nucleus; centromedian nucleusventromedian thalamic nucleus; interlaminar nuclei of thalamus; intralaminar nuclear group; intralaminar thalamic nuclei; paracentral nucleus; parafascicular nucleus; parafascicular thalamic nucleus; reticulate nuclei of thalamus; rostral intralaminar nuclei |
| central lateral thalamic nucleus | — | central lateral nucleus of thalamus; central lateral thalamic nucleus; nucleus centralis lateralis of thalamus; nucleus centralis lateralis thalami; centrolateral thalamic nucleus |
| ventral thalamic nuclei | An area in the thalamus in the ventrolateral nuclear group consisting of a number of nuclei [Neurp: http://neuro.imm.dtu.dk/services/jerne/brede/WOROI_244.html]. The most rostral of the subdivisions of the ventral nucleus, receiving projections from the globus pallidus and projecting to the premotor and frontal cortex [Biology-Online: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Ventral_anterior_nucleus_of_thalamus]. | nucleus ventralis; anterior thalami |
| ventral anterior thalamic nucleus | The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_anterior_nucleus]. | — |
| ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus | The composite middle third of the ventral nucleus receiving in its various parts distinctive projections from the contralateral half of the cerebellum (by way of the superior cerebellar peduncle) and the ipsilateral globus pallidus; nearly all parts of the nucleus project to the motor cortex [MediLexicon: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=61784]. | nucleus ventralis intermedius; nucleus ventralis lateralis; ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus |
| ventral posterior thalamic nucleus | The ventral posterior nucleus is the somato-sensory relay nucleus in thalamus of the brain. The ventral posterior nucleus receives neuronal input from the medial lemniscus, spinal lemniscus, spinothalamic tracts, and trigeminothalamic tract. It projects to the somatosensory cortex and the ascending reticuloactivation system. Functions in touch, body position, pain, temperature, itch, taste, and arousal [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_posterior_nucleus]. | — |
| lateral thalamic nuclei | The lateral nuclear complex, lying lateral to the internal medullary lamina, is the largest division of the thalamus. It is divided into dorsal and ventral tiers of nuclei. The lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus and the pulvinar all lie dorsally. The lateral and medial geniculate nuclei lie inferior to the pulvinar near the posterior pole of the thalamus. The ventral tier nuclei are the ventral anterior, ventral lateral and ventral posterior nuclei [Gray's Anatomy: http://www.expertconsultbook.com/expertconsult/ob/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=none&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06684-9..50029-9--cesec4&isbn=978-0-443-06684-9]. | Lateral nuclear group |
| lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus | The lateral dorsal nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. It acts in concert with the anterior nuclei of thalamus. It receives significant input from several subdivisions of visual cortex, and has a primary output to parietal cortex on the dorsolateral cortical convexity, giving it access to limbic forebrain nuclei important for emotion and behavior functions [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_dorsal_nucleus_of_thalamus]. | — |
| lateral posterior thalamic nucleus | The lateral posterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. It acts in concert with the pulvinar [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_posterior_nucleus_of_thalamus]. | — |
| pulvinar | Large mass of nuclei forming the most caudal portion of the thalamus and overhanging the geniculate bodies and the dorsolateral surface of the midbrain. It is divided into four parts: the lateral, medial, inferior, and oral pulvinar nuclei [Brenda]. | — |
| reticular thalamic nucleus | The thalamic reticular nucleus is part of the ventral thalamus that forms a capsule around the thalamus laterally. However, recent evidence from mice and fish question this statement and define it as dorsal thalamic structure.[1][2] It is separated from the thalamus by the external medullary lamina. Reticular cells are GABAergic, and have discoid dendritic arbors in the plane of the nucleus. Thalamic Reticular Nucleus is variously abbreviated TRN, RTN, NRT, and RT [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalamic_reticular_nucleus]. | thalamic reticular nucleus |
| centromedian thalamic nucleus | In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a part of the intralaminar nucleus (ILN) of the thalamus. There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally. It contains about 2000 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromedian_nucleus]. | centromedian nucleus; centrum medianum |
| limiting thalamic nucleus | The nucleus limitans is the most ventromedial part of the thalamus. It is limited medially by the anterior pretectal nuclues [Morys et al., 1989: http://www.ane.pl/pdf/4919.pdf]. | nucleus limitans |
| medial geniculate nucleus | The medial geniculate nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus that acts as a relay for auditory information. It receives its input from the inferior colliculus and sends information out to the auditory cortex. Nucleus within the medial geniculate body [Brenda]. | — |
| lateral geniculate nucleus | The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processing center for visual information received from the retina of the eye. The LGN is found inside the thalamus of the brain, and is thus part of the central nervous system [Brenda]. | — |
| pineal body | The pineal gland (also called the pineal body, epiphysis cerebri, epiphysis, conarium or the "third eye") is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. It produces the serotonin derivative melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions. Its shape resembles a tiny pine cone (hence its name), and it is located near the centre of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two rounded thalamic bodies join [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_gland]. | — |
| habenular nucleus | The gray matter of the habenula, composed of a small-celled medial and a larger-celled lateral habenular nucleus; both nuclei receive fibres from basal forebrain regions (septum, basal nucleus, lateral preoptic nucleus); the lateral habenular nucleus receives an additional projection from the medial segment of the globus pallidus. Both nuclei project by way of the retroflex fasciculus to the interpeduncular nucleus and a medial zone of the midbrain tegmentum [Brenda]. | — |
| subthalamic nucleus | A biconvex mass of gray matter on the medial side of the junction of the internal capsule and the crus cerebri; its chief connections are with the globus pallidus [Brenda]. | — |
| preoptic nucleus | The preoptic area is a region of the hypothalamus. According to the MeSH classification, it is considered part of the anterior hypothalamus. There are four nuclei in this region, according to Terminologia Anatomica (Medial, Median, Lateral, and Paraventricular) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoptic_area]. | — |
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