Tissues

The human body as well as that of other animals (Species) is highly structured into organs and tissues which serve specific functions. Tissue is the organizational level intermediate between cells and organs system which compose the whole organism. All the tissues and cell types defined in an animal organism are hierarchical structured and shall be fully described. o

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  • name description synonyms
    subthalamus The subthalamus is a part of the diencephalon. Its major part is the subthalamic nucleus. Functionally, it also encompasses the globus pallidus, which is topographically part of the telencephalon [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subthalamus].
    hypothalamus The ventral part of the diencephalon that forms the floor and part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle. Anatomically, it includes the preoptic area, optic tract, optic chiasm, mammillary bodies, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, and neurohypophysis, but for physiological purposes the neurohypophysis is considered a distinct structure. The hypothalamus may be divided into five regions or areas (area hypothalamica rostralis, area hypothalamica dorsalis, area hypothalamica intermedia, area hypothalamica lateralis and area hypothalamica posterior) or into three longitudinal zones (periventricular zone, medial zone, and lateral zone). The hypothalamic nuclei constitute that part of the corticodiencephalic mechanism that activates, controls and integrates the peripheral autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activity, and many somatic functions, e.g., a general regulation of water balance, body temperature, sleep, and food intake, and the development of secondary sex characteristics. The hypothalamus secretes vasopressin and oxytocin, which are stored in the pituitary, as well as many releasing factors (hypophysiotropic hormones), by means of which it exerts control over functions of the adenohypophysis [Brenda].
    midbrain The middle of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain [Brenda].
    pons A broad mass of chiefly transverse nerve fibers conspicuous on the ventral surface of the brain of man and lower mammals at the anterior end of the medulla oblongata [Brenda].
    medulla oblongata The part of the vertebrate brain that is continuous posteriorly with the spinal cord and that contains the centers controlling involuntary vital functions [Brenda].
    corpus callosum The great band of commissural fibers uniting the cerebral hemispheres of higher mammals including humans [Brenda].
    lateral ventricle An internal cavity in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a central body and three cornua including an anterior one curving forward and outward, a posterior one curving backward, and an inferior one curving downward [Brenda].
    third ventricle The third ventricle (ventriculus tertius) is one of four connected fluid-filled cavities comprising the ventricular system within the human brain. It is a median cleft between the two thalami, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_ventricle].
    cerebral aqueduct The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain) and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle within the region of the mesencephalon and metencephalon, located dorsal to the pons and ventral to the cerebellum [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_aqueduct].
    fourth ventricle The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain. The fourth ventricle extends from the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) to the obex, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The fourth ventricle has a characteristic diamond shape in cross-sections of the human brain. It is located within the pons or in the upper part of the medulla [Brenda].
    dura mater The tough fibrous membrane covering the brain and the spinal cord and lining the inner surface of the skull. It is the outermost of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord [Brenda].
    colon The part of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the rectum [Brenda].
    arachnoid The arachnoid mater, is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is named after the Greek words "Arachne" and suffix "-oid" -"in the image of", and "mater" the Latin word for mother, because of the fine spider web-like appearance of the delicate fibres of the arachnoid which extend down through the subarachnoid space and attach to the pia mater. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, from which it is separated by the subarachnoid space. The delicate arachnoid layer is attached to the inside of the dura and surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It does not line the brain down into its sulci (folds), as does the pia mater, with the exception of the longitudinal fissure, which divides the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Cerebrospinal fluid flows under this membrane in the subarachnoid space. The pia mater covering the brain is referred to as the "arachnoidea encephal", and the portion covering the spinal cord as the "arachnoidea spinalis". The arachnoid and pia mater are sometimes considered as a single structure, the leptomeninx, or the plural version, leptomeninges. ("Lepto"- from the Greek root meaning "thin"). Similarly, the dura in this situation is called the pachymeninx [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnoid_mater].
    pia mater The fine vascular membrane that closely envelops the brain and spinal cord under the arachnoid and the dura mater [Brenda].
    rectum The terminal part of the intestine from the sigmoid flexure to the anus [Brenda].
    renal corpuscle A mass of arterial capillaries enveloped in a capsule and attached to a tubule in the kidney [Brenda].
    renal tubule One of the minute, reabsorptive, secretory, and collecting canals, made up of basement membrane lined with epithelium, that form the substance of the kidneys [Brenda].
    seminiferous tubule One of two or three twisted, curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatozoa develop [Brenda].
    seminal vesicle Either of a pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct [Brenda].
    glans The glans (Latin for "acorn") is a vascular structure located at the tip of the penis in men or a homologous genital structure of the clitoris in women [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glans].
    foreskin In male human anatomy, the foreskin is a generally retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect. It is also described as the prepuce, a technically broader term that also includes the clitoral hood in women, to which the foreskin is embryonically homologous [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreskin].
    fovea centralis The fovea centralis, also generally known as the fovea (the term fovea comes from the Latin, meaning pit or pitfall), is a part of the eye, located in the center of the macula region of the retina [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovea_centralis].
    cervix The cervix (from the Latin cervix uteri, meaning "neck of the womb") is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall. Approximately half its length is visible with appropriate medical equipment; the remainder lies above the vagina beyond view. The cervix has an opening to allow sperm and menstrual fluid to move through [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervix].
    endometrium The endometrium is the inner membrane of the mammalian uterus [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrium].
    myometrium The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ [Brenda].
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