| accessory nucleus | The spinal accessory nucleus lies within the cervical spinal cord (C1-C5) in the ventral horn. The nucleus ambiguus is classically said to provide the "cranial component" of the accessory nerve [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_accessory_nucleus]. | — |
| amnion | A thin, tough, membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus of a mammal, bird, or reptile. It is filled with a serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended [Brenda]. | — |
| amniotic fluid | Fluid within the amniotic cavity produced by the amnion during the early embryonic period, and later by the lungs and kidneys; at first crystal clear, it later becomes cloudy. It protects the embryo and fetus from injury. The amount at term normally varies from 500 to 1500 mL [Brenda]. | — |
| anus | The posterior opening of the alimentary canal [Brenda]. | — |
| auditory ossicle | The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are the three smallest bones in the human body. They are contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea). The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term "ossicles" literally means "tiny bones" and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossicles]. | — |
| auditory tube | The Eustachian tube (also auditory tube or pharyngotympanic tube) is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear. It is a part of the middle ear. In adult humans the Eustachian tube is approximately 35 mm long. It is named after the sixteenth-century anatomist Bartolomeo Eustachi. Some modern medical books call this the pharyngotympanic tube [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustachian_tube]. | — |
| axon | An axon (also known as a nerve fiber) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon]. | — |
| blastocyst | The modified blastula of a placental mammal [Brenda]. | — |
| blood brain barrier | The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a separation of circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid (BECF) in the central nervous system (CNS). It occurs along all capillaries and consists of tight junctions around the capillaries that do not exist in normal circulation. Endothelial cells restrict the diffusion of microscopic objects (e.g. bacteria) and large or hydrophilic molecules into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while allowing the diffusion of small hydrophobic molecules (O2, CO2, hormones). Cells of the barrier actively transport metabolic products such as glucose across the barrier with specific proteins. This barrier also includes a thick basement membrane and astrocytic endfeet [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier]. | blood-brain barrier |
| brain stem | The part of the brain composed of the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum [Brenda]. | — |
| breast | The fore or ventral part of the body between the neck and the abdomen [Brenda]. | — |
| cecum | The first part of the large intestine, forming a dilated pouch into which open the ileum, colon, and appendix vermiformis [Brenda]. | — |
| cerebellum | A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe [Brenda]. | — |
| cerebrospinal fluid | The serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the cavity of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space, functioning in shock absorption.nA liquid that is comparable to serum but contains less dissolved material, that is secreted from the blood into the lateral ventricles of the brain by the choroid plexus, circulates through the ventricles to the spaces between the meninges about the brain and spinal cord, and is resorbed into the blood through the subarachnoid sinuses, and that serves chiefly to maintain uniform pressure within the brain and spinal cord [Brenda]. | — |
| cerebrum | The cerebrum or telencephalon, together with the diencephalon, constitutes the forebrain. The cerebrum is the most anterior (or, in humans, most superior) region of the vertebrate central nervous system. Telencephalon refers to the embryonic structure from which the mature cerebrum develops. In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium, becomes the basal ganglia. The cerebrum is also divided into approximately symmetric left and right cerebral hemispheres [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrum]. | — |
| chorion | The outer membrane of the two membranes enclosing the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. In placental mammals it contributes to the development of the placenta [Brenda]. | — |
| choroid | The dark-brown vascular coat of the eye between the sclera and the retina [Brenda]. | — |
| ciliary body | Tissue that includes the group of muscles that act on the eye lens to produce accommodation and the arterial circle of the iris. The inner ciliary epithelium is continuous with the pigmented retinal epithelium, the outer ciliary epithelium secretes the aqueous humour [Brenda]. | — |
| colorectal | Colorectal includes the colon and the rectum [MedTerms: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2794]. | — |
| conjunctiva | The mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and is continued over the forepart of the eyeball [Brenda]. | — |
| cornea | The transparent part of the coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior [Brenda]. | — |
| dendrite | Dendrites (from Greek δÎνδÏον déndron, âtreeâ) are the branched projections of a neuron that act to conduct the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. Electrical stimulation is transmitted onto dendrites by upstream neurons via synapses which are located at various points throughout the dendritic arbor. Dendrites play a critical role in integrating these synaptic inputs and in determining the extent to which action potentials are produced by the neuron. Recent research has also found that dendrites can support action potentials and release neurotransmitters, a property that was originally believed to be specific to axons [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrite]. | — |
| diencephalon | The posterior subdivision of the forebrain [Brenda]. | — |
| dorsal column | In neuroanatomy, the dorsal column nuclei are a pair of nuclei in the brainstem. The name refers collectively to the cuneate nucleus and gracile nucleus, which are present at the junction between the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata. Both nuclei contain secondary neurons of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway, which carries fine touch and proprioceptive information from the body to the brain. The gracile nucleus is medial to the cuneate nucleus; its neurons receive afferent input from dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons subserving the lower trunk and limbs, while neurons of the cuneate nucleus receive connections from dorsal root neurons innervating the upper body. Neurons of the dorsal column nuclei send axons that form the internal arcuate fibers, decussating (crossing to the opposite side) to form the medial lemniscus, ultimately synapsing with third-order neurons of the thalamus. Because each nucleus contains a large population of neurons, the dorsal column nuclei give rise to characteristic bumps or tubercles when viewing the posterior side of the intact brainstem. In particular, the cuneate nucleus gives rise to the cuneate tubercle, while the gracile nucleus gives rise to the gracile tubercle [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_column_nuclei]. | dorsal column nuclei |
| dorsolateral column | The posterolateral tract (fasciculus of Lissauer, Lissauer's tract, tract of Lissauer, dorsolateral fasciculus, dorsolateral tract, zone of Lissauer) is a small strand situated in relation to the tip of the posterior column close to the entrance of the posterior nerve roots [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterolateral_tract]. | posterolateral tract; fasciculus of Lissauer; Lissauer's tract; tract of Lissauer; dorsolateral fasciculus; dorsolateral tract; zone of Lissauer |
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