Tissues

The human body as well as that of other animals (Species) is highly structured into organs and tissues which serve specific functions. Tissue is the organizational level intermediate between cells and organs system which compose the whole organism. All the tissues and cell types defined in an animal organism are hierarchical structured and shall be fully described. o

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  • name description synonyms
    atrium In the heart, the atrium is an upper chamber found on both sides of the heart. The left atrium receives red, oxygenated blood from the lungs by way of the pulmonary veins. The right atrium receives dark red blood from the other parts of the body [Brenda].
    ventricle In the heart, a ventricle is one of two large chambers that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricle_(heart)].
    endocardium A thin serous membrane lining the cavities of the heart [Brenda].
    myocardium The middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle [Brenda].
    pericardium 1: The conical sac of serous membrane that encloses the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels of vertebrates.n2: A cavity or space that contains the heart of an invertebrate and in arthropods is a part of the hemocoel [Brenda].
    cardiac valve A heart valve normally allows blood flow in only one direction through the heart. The four valves commonly represented in a mammalian heart determine the pathway of blood flow through the heart. A heart valve opens or closes incumbent upon differential blood pressure on each side [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valve].
    cardiac conducting system The electrical conduction system that controls the heart rate. This system generates electrical impulses and conducts them throughout the muscle of the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood [MedTerms: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8407].
    aorta The great arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body [Brenda].
    arterial intima The arterial intima incldues the endothelium, interla elastic lamina, and all intervening tissues [Stehbens, 1995: http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/elsevier/definition-of-the-arterial-intima-LB2GoUv3it].
    arterial media The middle coat of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel [MeSH: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?mode=&term=+L+o+w+e+r+ +l+i+m+b+&field=entry].
    arterial adventitia Adventitia is the outermost connective tissue covering of any organ, vessel, or other structure. It is also called the tunica adventitia or the tunica externa [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventitia].
    venous intima The innermost coat of blood vessels, consisting of a thin lining of endothelial cells longitudinally oriented and continuous with the endothelium of capillaries on the one hand and the endocardium of the heart on the other [Medical Dictionary: http://www.medical-dictionary.cc/what-does/venous-intima-mean].
    venous media The middle coat of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel [[MeSH: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?mode=&term=+L+o+w+e+r+ +l+i+m+b+&field=entry].
    venous adventitia The adventitia (tunica adventitia) is the outer coat of the vessel, and consists of connective tissue, nerves and vessel capillaries (vasa vasorum). It links the vessels to the surrounding tissues [Gray's Anatomy].
    alveolus A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place [Brenda].
    germinal center The area in the center of a lymph node containing aggregations of actively proliferating lymphocytes [Brenda].
    lingual tonsil The lingual tonsils are rounded masses of lymphatic tissue that cover the posterior region of the tongue [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingual_tonsils].
    pharyngeal tonsil Adenoids (or pharyngeal tonsil, or nasopharyngeal tonsil) are a mass of lymphoid tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_tonsil].
    tongue A fleshy movable process of the floor of the mouths of most vertebrates that bears sensory end organs and small glands and functions especially in taking and swallowing food and in humans as a speech organ [Brenda].
    salivary gland The glands of the oral cavity whose combined secretion constitutes the saliva [Brenda].
    tooth 1: One of the hard bony appendages that are borne on the jaws or in many of the lower vertebrates on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx and serve especially for the prehension and mastication of food and as weapons of offense and defense.n2: Any of various usually hard and sharp processes especially about the mouth of an invertebrate [Brenda].
    gum The gingiva (sing. and plur.: gingiva), or gums, consists of the mucosal tissue that lies over the mandible and maxilla inside the mouth [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingiva]. gingiva
    nasopharynx The upper part of the throat behind the nose. An opening on each side of the nasopharynx leads into the ear [Brenda].
    oropharynx The Oropharynx (oral part of the pharynx) reaches from the Uvula to the level of the hyoid bone [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oropharynx].
    hypopharynx The portion of the pharynx that lies below the upper edge of the epiglottis and opens into the larynx and esophagus [Brenda].
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